摘要自21世纪以来石墨烯在材料应用领域受到广泛的关注，被誉为未来半导体材料。石墨烯具有独特的二维单原子层结构，因此它具有许多优异的性能，例如石墨烯的比表面积比一般材料大，因此它的吸附能力非常强；它的抗拉强度和弹性模量达到125Gpa和1。1Tpa，远远超过了传统的钢铁材料。不仅如此，它在应用传感器上是重要的敏感材料，相信在未来石墨烯将发挥不可估量的作用。87085

本文通过改良的Hummers方法来制备氧化石墨烯，再通过化学的方法还原石墨烯，并通过仪器来对产物是否为石墨烯进行表征判断。发现氧化石墨烯在9°左右出现衍射峰，说明石墨片层之间的化学键遭到破坏，还原成石墨烯时衍射峰重新回到26°，但是衍射强度变小，说明石墨片层之间的距离变大。同时我们对石墨烯进行镉离子吸附性能测试，发现石墨烯吸附性能特别好，平均吸附量比其他吸附剂高出很多，达到508。155mg/g,，并且吸附剂所需量少，吸附时间快。研究表明，石墨烯吸附机理符合准二级动力方程，说明石墨烯的吸附结合位点是有限的，长时间反应会产生吸附饱和现象。石墨烯的这些特点，将在污水处理领域发挥重要的作用。

毕业论文关键词：石墨烯；镉离子；吸附；Hummers方法

Abstract Since twenty-first Century graphene has received wide attention in the field of material application, known as the future of semiconductor materials。 Graphene has unique two-dimensional monoatomic layer structure, so it has many excellent properties, such as graphene specific surface area greater than that of general material, so its adsorption ability very strong, its tensile strength and elastic modulus reached 125Gpa and 1。1Tpa, far more than the traditional iron and steel materials。 Not only that, it is an important sensitive material in the application of the sensor, I believe in the future graphene will play an immeasurable role。

In this paper, the improved Hummers method was used to prepare graphene oxide, then the graphene was reduced by chemical method, and the product was characterized by the instrument。 It is found that the graphene oxide at about 9 degrees appear diffraction peaks, indicating that the destruction of the chemical bonds between the graphite layers, reduced to graphene diffraction peak back to 26 degrees, but diffraction intensity smaller that graphite layers between the distance。 At the same time, graphene were used to the cadmium ion adsorption performance test, finding particularly good adsorption properties of graphene, average adsorption capacity than other adsorbents, achieve 508。155mg/g and adsorption agent and require only small quantities and adsorption time。 The study shows that the adsorption mechanism of graphene is in accordance with the pseudo second-order equation, which indicates that the adsorption and binding sites of graphene are limited。 These characteristics of graphene, will play an important role in the field of sewage treatment。

Keywords: Graphene; Cd2+removal; Adsorption; Hummers method;

目录

第一章  绪论 1

1。1 重金属简介及其危害 1

1。2 重金属水污染治理方法 3

1。2。1 沉淀法 3

1。2。2 絮凝法 4

1。2。3 生物法处理污水 4

1。2。4 吸附法 5

1。3 石墨烯 6

1。3。1 石墨烯发现的经过 6

1。3。2 石墨烯的结构 6