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摘要：高铁常用的接触线有铜银、铜锡、铜镁等合金，银、锡、镁在铜合金中起固溶强化的作用。本文用XRD测定了铜银、铜锡、铜镁合金的晶格常数，研究了银、锡、镁等合金元素、镁含量及不同加工工艺对铜合金硬度的影响，分析了上引连铸不同成分对铜合金铸杆宏观组织的影响。实验结果表明：铜银的晶格常数为3.60946Å，铜锡合金的晶格常数为3.61637Å，铜镁合金（Mg0.63%）的晶格常数为3.61880 Å，镁元素对铜合金晶格常数的影响最大，硬度也最大，锡次之，银最小。随着镁含量增加，铜镁合金晶格常数及硬度均先增加后减小。冷轧工艺下的铜镁合金硬度为137.2HB30，远高于上引连铸工艺，略高于拉拔工艺。纯铜的组织有等轴晶和柱状晶，其中等轴晶较多且细小。铜银、铜锡合金的组织为柱状晶和等轴晶，等轴晶较少。铜镁合金的组织为等轴晶。57002
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毕业论文关键词：铜合金、晶格常数、硬度、宏观组织
The research of reinforcement mechanism of copperalloy contact wire used for high speed railAbstract: The materials frequently used for contact line of high-speed rail are Cu-Ag alloy,Cu-Sn alloy, Cu-Mg alloy.The elements of silver,tin and magnesium in copper alloy play therole of solid solution strengthening.This paper determined the lattice constants of copper silver,copper tin, copper and magnesium alloy by XRD ,studied the effect of silver,tin,magnesiumelements, magnesium content and different processing on the hardness of copper alloy andanalysed the influence of different composition on the macrostructure of copper alloy castingrod.The experimental results showed that the lattice constant of Cu-Ag alloy is 3.60946 Å, thelattice constants of Cu-Sn alloy for 3.61637 Å and the lattice constants of Cu-Mg alloy(Mg0.63%) is 3.61880 Å.The effect of Mg on the lattice constants and hardness of copper alloyis the largest,followed by Tin and silver minimum.As the magnesium content increasing, thelattice constants and hardness of Cu-Mg alloy firstly increase and then decrease. The hardnessof Cu-Mg alloys in cold rolling process is 137.2HB30, which is much higher than that in theprocess of continuous up-casting, and slightly higher than that of drawing process.The purecopper’s macrostructure is equiaxial crystal and columnar crystal, equiaxial crystal is small andquantity. The Cu-Ag and Cu-Sn alloy’s macrostructure is equiaxial crystal and columnar crystal,and equiaxial crystal’s quantity is less. The Cu-Mg alloy’s macrostructure is equiaxial crystal.
.KeyWords： copper alloy;lattice constant;hardness;macrostructure
目 录
1. 前言. 1
1.1 高速铁路接触线简介..1
1.2.1 铜合金接触线的种类及特点..1
1.2.2 高铁对接触线的性能要求..2
1.2.3 铜合金接触线的研究进展..2
1.2.4 铜镁合金... 2
1.3 高铁用接触线的加工工艺. 3
1.4 铜合金的强化机理..4
1.4.1 固溶强化... 4
1.4.2 时效沉淀强化...4
1.4.3 细晶强化... 4
1.4.4 冷变形加工强化...5
1.4.5 过剩相强化... 5
1.5 金属的晶格常数..5
1.5.1 晶格常数的定义...5
1.5.2 影响晶格常数的因素.. 6
1.5.3 晶格常数的计算方法.. 6
1.6 选题的目的和意义..7
1.7 课题的研究内容和目标. 7
1.7.1 研究内容... 7
1.7.2 研究目标... 8
2. 实验. 9
2.1 试验材料...9
2.2 试验方案...9
2.2.1 铜合金晶格常数的计算方法..9
2.2.2 不同合金元素铜合金的晶格常数测定和计算.. 11
2.2.3 不同镁含量铜合金的晶格常数测定...11
2.2.4 不同合金元素铜合金的硬度测定... 11