摘要聚苯胺因具有独特的掺杂机制、环境稳定性好、良好的电化学性能、优良的电致变色性等优点，是导电高分子材料的研究热点，广泛应用于超级电容器、电池、显示器件等方面。本文以聚酰胺-胺树枝状大分子为模板剂，过硫酸铵为氧化剂，通过化学氧化聚合法制备纳米聚苯胺，并对其合成参数（如单体浓度、原料配比、反应时间和温度）进行优化。采用FTIR、UV-vis、XRD、SEM对纳米聚苯胺形貌和结构进行表征，并测试其电导率，进一步以纳米聚苯胺作为电极活性物质，与粘结剂、导电剂制备超级电容器电极，通过电化学工作站测定所制电极的综合电化学性能，其比电容为534.5 F/g，经1000次恒电流充放电后比电容保持率高达65%。62254

毕业论文关键词：导电高分子；聚苯胺；电导率；聚酰胺-胺

Abstract  Polyaniline(PAN) is one of the most thoroughly studied conducting polymers because it has excellent environmental stability, particular doping mechanism and good electrochemical properties. The film made by PAn has some miraculous physical and chemical properties ( such as conductivity and electrochromism,etc.), and could be potentially used in display devices, secondary battery, gas separation, etc. In this paper, polyamide-amine dendrimer as a template, chemical oxidation of aniline Nano polyaniline, and optimize the synthesis conditions (such as raw material ratio, concentration, temperature and reaction time). By FTIR, UV-vis, XRD, SEM nano structure and morphology of polyaniline was analyzed to characterize the thermal stability by TG, and tested for electrical conductivity, further nano polyaniline electrode active material, and a conductive agent, sticky caking agent supercapacitor electrode preparation, testing its electrical properties, specific capacitance is as high as 534.5 F/g.

KeyWords: conducting polymer; polyaniline;conductivity;polyamide-amine

目  录

1 绪论 1

1.1树枝状大分子简介 1

1.1.1 树枝状大分子的结构 1

1.1.2 树枝状大分子的特性 2

1.2 聚苯胺的概述 2

1.2.1 聚苯胺的定义 2

1.2.2 聚苯胺的结构 2

1.2.3 纳米聚苯胺的特性 3

1.2.4 纳米聚苯胺的应用 4

1.3 纳米聚苯胺的模板法合成 5

1.4 研究内容和目标 6

1.4.1研究内容 6

1.4.2研究目标 6

2 实验部分 7

2.1 试剂与原料 7

2.2 实验主要设备 7

2.3 实验主要方法 8

2.3.1 4.0 代聚酰胺-胺树状大分子的合成 8

2.3.2 纳米树状聚苯胺的合成 9

2.4 实验的测试与表征方法 9

3 结果与讨论 12

3.1 纳米聚苯胺的分析表征 12

3.1.1 红外分析 12

3.1.2 紫外分析 13

3.1.3 XRD分析 13

3.1.4 SEM分析 14

3.2 合成参数的优化