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Tin and Terne Plate Industry
TIN plate (tinned plates) are sheets of steel, generally from No. 16 to No. 38 gage, coated with tin in order to protect them from corrosion. In heavy gages, they are sometimes called tinned sheets. The process of manufacture is practically the same up to the annealing operation as that for sheets. At this stage of manufacture, sheets to be tinned are first pickled to remove the scale; they are then washed with water in tanks to remove the acid and then they are annealed. After annealing, they are cold-rolled to a perfectly smooth surface in order that the finished tin plate will attain a high polish. The cold-rolled sheets are again annealed, pickled and washed. The sheets are then passed into and drawn through a bath of liquid tin by means of four to six pairs of rolls, which are immersed in it, the last set squeezing off the surplus metal. By the action of the rolls, the tin is distributed as evenly as possible on the surface of the sheets and the result is a smooth, bright, adhering coat of tin. The surface of the molten tin in the bath is covered with a layer of palm oil to prevent oxidation, and as some of this adheres to the plates, it is necessary to clean them. This is accomplished by a branning machine through which the plates are passed, a series of revolving brushes applying to the surface bran, or a mixture of sawdust and lime. The plates are next carefully inspected in the assorting room, those having defects being separated from the good sheets, the former being classed as wasters and the good sheets as primes; after this they are packed in wooden boxes which are marked with the sizes and gages of the plates contained therein, and whether primes or wasters.
The standard sizes of tin plates are 14 x 20 inches and 20 x 28 inches, and different trade terms are assigned to the plates, depending upon their sizes, weights per square foot, and the character and quantity of coating.
Terne Plates
Terne plates are manufactured in much the same manner as tin plates, except that the coating consists of a mixture of tin and lead running about 25 per cent of tin and 75 per cent of lead, and is, therefore, less expensive. They are called terne plates because made of three metals.
Taggers are thin sheets largely used for metal signs; they may be coated or uncoated; when coated, tin, lead or an admix-ture of these metals is used. Taggers tin is a name originally applied to sheets of tin plate lighter than the standard gage.
Corrugated sheets are sheets having corrugations or grooves pressed or rolled into the surface. They are usually produced by passing the sheets between a pair of rolls in the surface of which corrugations (grooves) have been cut.
Hot galvanizing consists in slowly passing the sheets through a bath of molten spelter (commercial zinc) and removing the superfluous zinc by iron brushes, or otherwise. Galvanizing is specially applied to corrugated sheets used for enclosing buildings.
Planished Sheets
Russian sheet iron, Russian iron or planished sheet, is a special grade of sheet with a glossy black appearance. It is produced by the rapid hammering of a pile of sheets. Sheets toughened and hammered to obtain a polished surface are said to be planished. “Glanced” sheets used in this connection means brightened.
Enameling is the process of coating metals with a film of vitreous substance called enamel. The enamel is made in many different colors and usually is a secret composition. It is applied in the form of a powder or solution on the metal to which it is baked. The process is largely used for sheets, cooking utensils and sanitary fixtures, such as bath tubs, washstands, etc.
轧机的分类
钢铁生产的轧形式的轧机来完成的。的轧机，由辊子，而这又是轧辊组成的一列火车站，每个支架包括至少两个辊，由帧称为壳体之间设置进行。轧辊的铸铁或钢气瓶，它们的轴线平行和水平彼此之上，并保持在一个固定的空间，以便在辊子的表面之间留有外壳会议。辊驱动的电动马达或蒸汽机，通过齿轮传动装置，以这样的方式，它们以相反的方向旋转，齿轮装置的心轴或短轴器和耦合器被连接到的动力和辊。滚动条的操作包括在之间传递滚动一个艰难的柔韧的材料，如加热的钢，具有厚度大于辊间的空间，其结果是压缩和减少了横截面的材料及其引起的伸长率。该过程类似于在一块热钢的伸长率通过锤铁匠使用的，不同的是相同的结果将更加迅速地完成轧制装置上工作的连续性。铁或钢轧制直接从它的初始热或适合作此用途的炉再加热，在这样的温度下软化并使其柔韧。尽管其柔软的条件下，相当大的电阻改变的形式和需要IRES通过轧辊的材料所需的最终形状之前的许多通行证得到。