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10. The remaining job will be to reviewand modify the mould drawing if found necessary. design generally involves complex and multi-related designproblems and thus lacks a complete quantitative andstructured approach. The present methodology has in-volved breaking down the complete design problem into anumber of sub-problems (functional designs, e.g. feedsystem, cooling system, etc.) and developing a knowledgebase of solutions for the various sub-problems. By using acoding system as the mechanism of inference engine, theknowledge base is accessed from independent interactiveprogram, which aids the designer to select a number ofrecommended solutions to the particular functional designunder consideration. The selection of the actual solutionsand their final development into a finished design is left tothe mould designer so that their own intelligence andexperience could also be incorporated with the total moulddesign. In the implementation of the methodology, theprogram was written in modular structure to facilitateaccess to the knowledge base and to ensure its furtherdevelopment and extension. The approach adopted bothspeeds up the design process and facilitates designstandardization which in turn increases the speed of mouldmanufacture. The system can be incorporated as one of themodules of a collaborative product development system toprovide an effective and feasible tool to aid the collabora-tive design and development works of injection moulds inthe small- and medium-sized industries to satisfy thestringent requirements of nowadays competitive globalmarket.AcknowledgementsThe work described in this paper was supported by agrant from the Research Grants Council of the Hong KongSpecial Administrative Region, China (project no. CityU1123/03E).References[1] Jonas R, et al. Parts suitable for injection moulding, and optimummould(G). Text of Lecture Block X at the ninth plastics engineeringcolloquium, IKV Aachen. 1978.[2] Hui KC, Tan ST. Mould design with sweep operations—a heuristicsearch approach. Comput-aided Design 1992;24(2):81–91.[3] Huang TS, et al. IMD—an aided design software for the design ofinjection moulds. Pacific conference on manufacturing, Jakarta,Indonesia, December 1994. p. 377–85.[4] Chen YM, Liu JJ. Cost-effectiveness design for injection moulding.Robot Comput–Integrat Manuf 1999;15:1–21.[5] Fu MW, Fuh JYH, Nee AYC. Undercut feature in an injectionmould design system. Comput-aided Design 1999;31:777–90.[6] Chen YH, Wang YZ, Leung TM.
An investigation of partingdirection based on dexel model and fuzzy decision making. IntJ Product Res 2000;38(6):1357–75.[7] Li JC. Optimum gate design of freeform injection mould using theabductive network. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2001;17:297–304.[8] Li CL. A feature-based approach to injection mould cooling systemdesign. Comput-aided Design 2001;33(14):1073–90.[9] Chung J, Lee K. A framework of collaborative design environmentfor injection moulding. Comput Ind 2002;47:319–37.[10] Ma YS, Tor SB, Britton GA. The development of a standardcomponent library for plastic injection mould design using an object-oriented approach. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 2003;22:611–8.[11] Low MAH, Lee KS. Application of standardization for initial designof plastic injection moulds. Int J Product Res 2003;41:2301–24.[12] Ashaab AA, Rodriguez K, Molina A, et al. Internet-basedcollaborative design for an injection-moulding system. ConcurrEng: Res Appl 2003;11(4):289–99.[13] Li CL, Li CG, Mok ACK. Automatic layout design of plasticinjection mould cooling system. Comput-aided Design 2005;37:645–62.[14] Chin KS, Wong TN. Developing a knowledge-based injection mouldcost estimation system by decision tables. Int. J. Adv. Manuf.Technol. 1996;11:353–64.[15] Chin KS, Wong TN. Knowledge-based evaluation for the conceptualdesign development of injection moulding parts. Eng. Appl. Artif.Intell. 1996;9(4):359–76.[16] Ong SK, Prombanpong S, Lee KS. An object-oriented approach tocomputer-aided design of a plastic injection mould. J. Intell. Manuf.1995;6:1–10.[17] Bozdana TA, Eyercioglu O. Development of an expert systemfor the determination of injection moulding parameters of thermo-plastic materials: EX-PIMN. J Mater Process Technol 2002;128:113–22.[18] Chan WM, Yan L, Xiang W, Cheok BT. A 3D CAD knowledge-based assisted injection mould design system. Int J Adv ManufTechnol 2003;22:387–95.[19] Opitz H. A classification system to describe workpieces. Oxford, UK:Pergamon Press; 1970.[20] Pye RGW. Injection mould design. NY: Longman; 1986.[21] Menges/Mohren. How to make injection moulds. NY: Hanser; 1988.[22] Chan FTS, Ip RWL, Lau H. Integration of expert system withanalytic hierarchy process for the design of material handlingequipment selection system. J Mater Process Technol 2001;116:137–45.[23] Friedman-Hill EJ. The Java expert system shell. The SandiaCorporation. 1997 (http://heraberg.ca.sandia.gov/jess/).[24] Watson M. Intelligent Java applications for the Internet andintranets. Los Altos: Morgan Kaufmann; 1997.[25] Shah JJ, Dedhia H, Pherwani V, Solkhan S. Dynamic interfacing ofapplications to geometric modeling services via modeler neutralprotocol. Comput-Aided Design 1997;29:811–24.[26] Kong L, Fuh JYH, Lee KS, Liu XL, et al. A windows-native 3Dplastic injection mould design system. J Mater Process Technol2003;139:81–9.
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