Conclusion

The results obtained from the experimental study in the full-scale test apart- ment and the results of the mathematical simulations from Phase 1 were compared. The measured moisture content showed the same pattern of variation as the simulations and also the CO2 measurements showed results comparable with the simulations. Furthermore, it was found that the decay of both the moisture content in the room air and the CO2 concentration agreed with the simulations.

However, measurement results of the air tightness of the test apartment in- dicated that for these experiments the test apartment was not sufficiently air tight. Consequently it was decided to build a test apartment at the Danish Building Research Institute for the remaining experiments.

Study in a test apartment in the laboratory

Design of the test apartment

The test apartment was built in a large laboratory hall at the Danish Building Research Institute. The apartment consisted of five rooms designated living room, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen and hall. The total free floor area was approximately 31 m2 and the volume was approximately 74 m3. Figure 3 is

showing a floor plan and Figure 4 is showing a photo of the test apartment.

Outdoor air inlet

Mechanical extract

Figure 3. Floor plan of the test apartment at Danish Building Research Institute.

Outdoor air inlet

Mechanical extract

Figure 4. The test apartment.

Ventilation system

Two separate extract fans were installed in the test apartment; one in the kitchen and one in the bathroom. Supply air was taken from outdoors through humidity sensitive air inlets in the walls of the living room and the bedroom.

In order to achieve minimum and maximum airflow rates the fans in the ex- tract ducts were controlled by a damper connected to a hygrostate in the kitchen and the bathroom. The set point of relative humidity was 45 % during all the measurements.

Figure 5. Extract ventilation system in the kitchen. A similar system was installed in the bathroom.

Figure 6. Extract duct, fan and damper for kitchen and bathroom, respectively located in the roof space above the test apartment.

Outdoor air was supplied to the living room and to the bedroom through out- door air inlets. In scenario 1, 2 and 3 ordinary outdoor air inlets were used while in scenario 4 humidity controlled outdoor air inlets were used. In these inlets, the free opening area is passively adjusted according to the relative humidity in the indoor air. Figure 7 below is showing the characteristics re- garding airflow through the inlet versus the relative humidity in the indoor air.

目前强调的围护结构可以使建筑建设的更为严格，这样的围护结构也正是能源成本增加和让建筑物更加节能的背后的驱动力。室内相对湿度一般来说增加了一些建筑物问题，例如水汽凝结在墙壁和窗户的玻璃上，会使得建筑材料形成可见性损伤，这通常需要新的补救措施。

近来许多研究关注于健康问题与建筑物的抗渗防潮能力之间的关系(Sundell, 1994) (Spengler et al., 1993)。建筑物中水分含量等级的增加已经被显示出会增加由真菌(Nevalinen, Hyvärinen, Pasanen & Reponen, 1994) (Jaakkola, Jakkola& Ruotsalainen, 1993)和尘螨(Korsgaard, 1999)引起的疾病的发病率。模具和孢子可能含有有毒物质和致敏剂。在欧洲北部的一般人群中，对于屋内尘螨的过敏反应来源于日益增长，过敏症的发病率也日益增长。一项有着一千多项研究发现的全面的调查(Bornehag et al., 2001)指出潮湿的建筑与健康问题存在着显著的相关性，例如哮喘和呼吸道症状。