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tems with cold and warm fluid and on forced circulation using pumps. These systems can also
be used to control and maintain a fixed sealing fluid pressure. High-quality metals and nonmetels are used for seal fabrication depending on the appli-
cation. Carbon, impregnated with resins or metals (silver, tin-- brass) is most widely applied
in fretting surfaces. These are used with corrosion resistant and wear resistance and alloy~
including chromium-- nickel--molybdenum steels and high nickel alloys such as alloy-B-C. Steel
contact surfaces are stellited to increase wear resistance. Corrosion-resistant cast iron
and carbide materials (tungsten carbide with a cobalt and nickel base) is also widely used~
Teflon with fillers (glass, ceramic, carbon) is used with aluminum and chromium oxide based
ceramic in chemical fluids. Various types of rubbers, particularly silicone and silicon flou-
ride, and Teflon are used to produce sealing elements (gasket, O-rings, sleeves) depending
on the operating conditions. Gaskets and O-rings, covered with Teflon film~ retain sealing
element elasticity and protects them from process fluid action.
Mechanical seals for vessels with agitators produced by foreign companies are highly
standardized and normalized. Construction and material of inpidual elements (seal ring,
spring, bushing etc.) are interchangeb!e. They can be combined to produce seals with the
required operating characteristics. Double, triple, and multielement seals are assembled
from standarized single seals. Special seal designs are being developed for extremely se-
vere operating conditions.搅拌器机械密封容器
各类密封件，泵和压缩机，在莫斯科展出国际展览“泵和压缩机 - 75”展出了由 Pacific (Federal German Republic, FGR), Burgmann (FGR), Crane Packing (UK), Bestobell Seals (UK)等生产的特殊机械密封搅拌器轴（由顶部和底部进入），这些公司专门生产密封装置。用双平衡和不平衡的机械密封件的使用，以提供高度可靠的操作。
顶端插入混合设备由于简单的构造和运作而被广泛应用。不过,这种结构也存在一定的缺点，该轴的转速是有限的，如果没有限制该轴的下端的径向和下部轴承的间隙，容许减少径向的振动与较大直径或多个刚性轴及更高的驱动程序的立场，轴的更换和修理密封需要完成拆解搅拌器容器的上半部分，这是这种结构的另一个缺点。这种设计在没有液体从此容器中排出和容器内介质由于密封故障而流出的这种小几率的情况下具有修复密封和搅拌器。
从底部进入搅拌器是更有效的，尤其是在具有高沉淀速度的含有固体的流体。短的驱动轴可以以更高的速度旋转，用相对较小的径向振动的搅拌器。在密封件安装在容器的上半部分在汽 - 气相中进行。位于头的容器的底部的密封件是在与工作流体的直接接触。这将导致一些困难，密封材料的制造和接触配合面的选择，并提出特殊要求的可靠性和运行质量。主要缺点是在要排空容器的要求下进行修理或更换密封件和搅拌器。