菜单
  
    Laboratoire des Mate ´riaux, Surfaces et Proce ´de ´s pour la
    Catalyse (LMSPC), CNRS, Strasbourg University, 25 rue
    Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France, and Laboratoire
    Ge ´ne ´tique Mole ´culaire, Ge ´nomique, Microbiologie
    (GMGM), CNRS, Strasbourg University, 28 rue Goethe,
    67028 Strasbourg, France 10182
    Received October 9, 2009. Revised manuscript received
    February 19, 2010. Accepted February 19, 2010.
    Comparing the UV-A photocatalytic treatment of bioaerosols
    contaminated with different airborne microorganisms such as
    L. pneumophila bacteria, T2 bacteriophage viruses and B.
    atrophaeus bacterial spores, pointed out a decontamination
    sensitivity following the bacteria virus bacterial spore ranking
    order, differing from that obtained for liquid-phase or surface
    UV-Aphotocatalytic disinfection. First-principles CFDinvestigation
    applied to a model annular photoreactor evidenced that
    larger the microorganism size, higher the hit probability with
    the photocatalytic surfaces.Applied to a commercial photocatalytic
    purifier case-study, the CFD calculations showed that the
    performances of the studied purifier could strongly benefit from
    rational reactor design engineering. The results obtained
    highlighted the required necessity to specifically investigate
    the removal of airborne microorganisms in terms of reactor
    design, and not to simply transpose the results obtained from
    studies performed toward chemical pollutants, especially for
    a successful commercial implementation of air decontamination
    photoreactors. This illustrated the importance of the aerody-
    namics in air decontamination, directly resulting from the
    microorganism morphology.
    Introduction
    The regulation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) has
    recently created a strong incentive for innovative sustainable
    environmental research. As a result, the indoor air quality
    control is receiving a growing interest due to the public
    concern over human health. Targets are not only VOC or
    more generally chemical pollutants, usually malodorous,
    toxic, or contributing to global warming, but include also
    airbornemicroorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or spores.
    TheU.S. Environmental Protection Agency considers the
    indoor air pollution as one of the top five environmental
    risks to public health, since we spend 70 90% of our time
    indoors,where pollutant contents are higher (1, 2). Biological
    pollutants are particularly threatening because of the con-
    tinuously increasing resistance of microorganisms against
    medical treatments and their dissemination due to the
    intensificationof humantransports, as shownwithworldwide
    damages (SARS, avian, or porcine flu). If many airborne
    microorganisms (AMO) show no or a low virulence, an
    impressive variety of AMO are a real hazard to safety, such
    as bacteria, viruses, fungi, with a huge societal impact in
    terms of mortality and cost (3).
    The removal of airborne chemical or biological pollutants
    is therefore a challenging task for which photocatalysis has
    attracted attention since decades for acting as an efficient
    air treatment technology because of the oxidizing power of
    UVA-irradiated semiconductors (4). The analogy between
    chemical and biological targets results from the organic
    nature of themicroorganismconstituents that photocatalysis
    can oxidize through oxidizing photoholes or •OH radicals,
    similarly to liquid and gas phase organics. The cell walls
    being a complex assembly of highmolecular weight organic
    compounds (MW> 10 000), contactwithTiO2 causes oxidative
    damage to cell membrane, considered as the first barrier
    maintaining the vital cell functions and the first target for
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