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关键词： 大空间建筑；防排烟设计；灭火设计；博物馆火灾；规范
Designon smoke control system and fire extinguishment system of a large space structure
Design Notes: In recent years, many major fires of our country were associated with some form of large space building related. Rapid increase in large space buildings also brings a series of new problems to the field of fire prevention. The research about fire prevention and control of large space fire at home and abroad is currently a hot topic. It is also an important aspect of disaster prevention and mitigation. In addition, once a large space fires happened will cause a lot of casualties and huge property losses. To this end, the graduate paper will make out a design about smoke and fire extinguishing system of large space structures. The graduation project includes a general layout of fire protection design, construction plane fire design, contrast and selection process about smoke design of large space buildings.
The main contents of this design include: (1) the background and significance of this paper; (2) analysis of large space fire background; (3) general layout of fire protection design; (4) partition of fire control design; (5) fire extinguisher; (6) fire water supply system design; (7) automatically sprinkler fire distinguish system; (8) gas fire extinguishing system design; (9) smoke control design.
In the design process, mainly related to the following standard: GBJ50016-2006《Code for fire protection design of buildings》, GB50140-2005 《Code of design for architectural specification extinguisher》, GB50015-2003《Code of design for architectural water drainage 》, GB50084-2001 《Code of design for sprinkler systems》, GB50370-2005 《Code of design for gas fire extinguishing system》, GB50116-98《Code of design for automatic fire alarm system》 and JGJ66-1991 《Code for museum building design》. Main references of the design includes 《building fire protection design》, 《automatic water spraying fire extinguishing system design manual》 , 《building fire protection technology》 and other books, and a large number of books.
The subject of this design is smoke and fire extinguishing systems in a large museum. The museum belongs to a class of civil construction. The design of total plane includes the design of fire separation distance and the design of fire line. The duration of resistance is the second, according to the specifications, it must be at least 6m spacing of adjacent buildings, and the actual distance between the museum and the surrounding buildings are greater than 6m, to meet the requirements. Fire lane was designed using circular fire lane, as well as set up a back parking space 12m×12m, set two outside road links of export on each side of the museum and to ensure at the time of the fire, fire can arrive timely. Graphic design of the building mainly includes the fire compartment, fire extinguisher, fire water supply system design, automatically sprinkler fire distinguish system, gas fire extinguishing system design. When fire district is pided according to the specification, the largest fire compartment is 2500m2.While according to the principle of fire district pision of the museum building, the museum is pided into five fire district. Atrium separately pided into a fire district, the fire doors and fire shutters are should be established. When configuring the extinguisher the fire danger rating and fire extinguishers level of the configuration places needs to be calculated. The number of each cell specific number of fire extinguishers shall be provided and fire extinguishers set point also needs to be calculated. Due to the special nature of the museum fire, for the protection of cultural relics, decided to select the type of portable fire extinguisher MS/Q9 of water. In the design of the outdoor fire hydrant, first need to determine a fire hydrant outdoor water consumption, water consumption is calculated by the number of outdoor fire hydrant. During the design of outdoor fire hydrant, firstly, we must be sure the quantity of water. Through the water consumption calculated the number of the outdoor fire cock. During the design of indoor fire hydrant, you should first establish the full height of the water column gun, which calculates the radius of each hydrant protection, according to the protection of the radius of the fire hydrant and then calculate the number in each floor to draw the picture of indoor hydrant system and fine the most unfavorable lines. Through the hydraulic calculation, it makes out the pump head and pump flow. Hydraulic calculation includes fire hydrant pipe pressure, bolt mouth flow rate, diameter and frictional loss. We choose the pump type of IS125-100-250. Water pump head is 50.73 mH2O, pump flow is 8.62 L/s. The design of the automatic sprinkler system due to the influence of environmental temperature factors that choose the wet automatic sprinkler system. The function of the system components are introduced. To determine the building in the fire danger level is the danger level one. According to the fire danger level determine the nozzle of hydraulic strength, system function area, nozzle working pressure. Draw the picture of the automatic sprinkler system. The types of nozzle are ZSTZ vertical nozzle. Carbon dioxide gas extinguishing system is set up in the distribution room and fire control room, according to the size of the area to choose the type of system, fire control rooms with full flooding fire extinguishing systems, the distribution room use extinguishing systems without network. Calculation includes the design amount of carbon dioxide storage. Draw carbon dioxide storage bottle number is 27 model GQQ120-PL storage bottles. The distribution room is placed 11 sets of model GQQ-90 without network automatic fire extinguishing devices. In the design of the museum's smoke has been introduced before, according to the provisions select method and rational pide the smoke partition. The first floor has pided into five smoke partitions, each partition area is less than 500m2 and not across the fire district. After taking a design of smoke and exhaust, conducting hydraulic calculations to compare the two options, chose a more economical and rational solution. Using models as HTF (B)-I-12 high temperature exhaust axial fan and Y200L1-2 model with motor exhaust design.