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摘 要随着社会经济和各种基础建设的发展，城市和自然生态环境之间的冲突越发严重，人们对自然生态环境保护的意识也在不断加强。生态监测作为自然生态环境建设和变化趋势预报的重要手段，为我们了解生态发展现状和解决生态问题提供了技术支持，能够对自然生态系统的现状以及自然经济发展、人类活动等引起的自然生态问题进行实时准确的动态监测、对自然生态问题的变化和发展趋势做出及时有效地研究和分析，并能提出相应的预防措施和解决方案。32387
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本文以SPOT和Landsat TM这两种不同分辨率的卫星遥感影像、数字高程模型（DEM）和地区数字栅格地图（DRG）作为数据源，通过ENVI软件在自定义的坐标系统中进行正射纠正、配准、裁剪、融合、生态因子提取等遥感和数字高程模型数据处理，提取遥感影像中的植被要素、土壤要素和DEM数字高程模型中的地形坡度三个最基本的环境要素，作为研究区域自然生态环境的生态环境因子，应用归一化自然生态环境模型完成植被覆盖度计算、各种自然生态因子归一化处理等流程，采用指数环境评价法对整个自然生态环境评价进行综合评价，获得不同环境状况所在区域分布图，通过统计分析得到不同环境状况区域百分比。
毕业论文关键词：生态环境因子，归一化处理，自然生态环境监测
Abstract
With the continuous development of social economy and infrastructure construction, the conflict between the city and the natural ecological environment becomes extremely serious problems, people's awareness of the protection of the ecological environment has also been continuously strengthened. Ecological monitoring,the important means of natural ecological environment construction and variation trend forecast, provides technical support for us to understand the ecological state-of-the-art and solve ecological problems,and can do the real-time and accurate dynamic monitoring of the current situation of natural eco-system,together with the problems,causing by the natural economy’s development and human activities, at the same time,it can timely and effectively study and analyze the change and development trend of natural ecological problems, put forward the corresponding prevention and solution.
The content of this paper is: Regard SPOT and Landsat TM,these two kinds of different resolution satellite remote sensing images, digital elevation model (DEM) and digital raster map (DRG) as the data source;Using the ENVI software to process and analysis the data in the coordinate system defined ourselves, dealing with the satellite remote sensing images and digital elevation model (DEM),such as orthophoto correction,registering,tailor,for the purpose of extracting the vegetation and soil in the remote sensing image together with terrain in the DEM.based on the three most basic elements as ecological factors on the natural ecological environment in this area; Finishing the process of vegetation coverage calculation and the normalization of a variety of natural ecological factors by the use of mature natural ecological environment application model; Adopting index law of environment to the whole ecological environment for a comprehensive evaluation, achieving the implementation of monitoring the natural ecological environment，getting the percentage information about different situation of environment in this area for further。
Key words： ecological factors, normalized, monitor the natural ecological environment
目 录
摘 要 I
Abstract II
1 绪 论 1
1.1 概述 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.3 研究内容 2
2 遥感生态环境监测技术 3