摘 要大地水准面在大地测量学中是一个重要的高程基准起算面。当海洋处于静止 平衡状态时，将它延伸到大陆下面，保持处处与铅垂线正交且包围整个地球的封 闭的水准面称为大地水准面。大地水准面应当是测量外业的基准面，但是它是不 规则的曲面，它的形状无法精确描述。我国规定正常高高程系统作为我国的统一 高程系统，即以似大地水准面为基准面。通过 GPS 测出的大地高，借助似大地 水准面，可以求出正常高，从而代替传统的几何水准测量，避免水准测量繁重的 野外工作，同时也节省了经费。69975

本文首先介绍了国内外关于似大地水准面拟合方法研究成果的概况，然后从 理论基础方面系统地介绍了大地水准面、似大地水准面、地球椭球面及各高程系 统的概念及确定方法。接着研究各拟合方法对确定似大地水准面的影响及精度比 较，其中主要介绍的是多项式拟合方法的比较。通过对某区域 GPS 和水准联测 得到的高程数据，求出高程异常并拟合得到似大地水准面，拟合取得良好结果， 拟合的区域似大地水准面可以较好地用于 GPS 大地高和水准正常高之间的转换。 最后，通过对实验结果的比较分析，得出拟合结论并展望似大地水准面拟合方法 研究的未来发展。

该论文有图 11 幅，表 3 个，参考文献 31 篇。

毕业论文关键词：似大地水准面 拟合 多项式

Small Regional Quasigeoid Fitting Method

Abstract Geoid in geodesy is an important part of the height datum on surface. When the sea is in a state of static equilibrium, it extends to the mainland, in everywhere and plumb line orthogonal and surrounded the entire earth closed level is called the geoid. Geoid should be measuring field datum, but it is irregular surface, its shape can't accurate description. Normal high elevation system as stipulated in our country is the unification of the vertical system in our country, namely the geoid as the datum. Measured by GPS geodetic, with the help of geoid, can calculate normal high, instead of the traditional geometric leveling, avoid heavy leveling field work, but also saves money.

This paper introduces the research achievements about like geoid fitting method, and then from the aspects of theoretical foundation systematically introduces the geoid, like geoid, earth ellipsoid and the concept and method for determining of the vertical system. Then study the effect of fitting method for determining like geoid and precision comparison, including the comparison of polynomial fitting method are mainly introduced. Certain areas based on GPS and leveling surveying the elevation data, and the height anomaly and fitting of geoid, achieve good results, fitting areas like geoid can be well used in normal high conversion between GPS geodetic height and level. Finally, by comparing the experiment results analysis, fitting conclusion like geoid fitting method presented and the future development.

Key Words: Quasi-geoid Fitting Polynomial

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目 录 III

图清单 IV

表清单 IV

变量注释表 V

1 绪论 1

1.1 课题研究现状 1

2 理论基础 4

2.1 基本概念