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摘要：本文以松树叶为原料，采用水蒸气蒸馏法对精油进行提取，探究了加热时间、浸提时间、粒径以及原料烘干时间对于精油提取得率影响，并对这其中的一些因素进行正交组合，结果表明单因素加热时间、粒径的大小对松树精油提取得率影响比较大，而浸泡时间以及烘干程度影响比较小；正交设计得到的最优组合为：加热时间为2.5 h，浸提时间为2.5或3.5 h，粒径为100目。运用气相色谱(GC)和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS) 对松树精油进行分析，鉴定出其中的4种主要成分，占挥发油总量的74.88%， 其中含量最多是α-松油醇,占总量的34.8%。最优条件得到的精油消除甲醛的消除率可以达到41.8%。24532
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毕业论文关键字：松树叶；精油；水蒸气蒸馏；提取
Extraction and research of essential gas from pine leaves
Abstract :In this paper, extraction and research of essential oils from pine leaves by using steam distillations are investigated. We study effects of extraction time, heat time, partical size and dried time on extraction ratio of pine leaves essential oils. In addition, some of the factors are used for orthogonal combination and the results are shown as follow. Effects of heat time and partical size on extraction of pine leaves essential oil were higher than extraction time and dried time. The optimal combination of orthogonal combination was 2.5h heat time, 2.5/3.5extraction time and 100 mesh partical size. Gas chromatograph and Gas chromatograph -mass spectrometry are used for analyzing pine leaves essential oil. The results indicate that and four compounds were identified, which accounts for74.88% of total essential oils. The highest content of essential oils is α-terpineol, which accounts for34.8%and the essential oils from optimal combination can eliminate 41.8% formaldehyde gas.
Key words: pine leaves; essential oils; steam distillations; extraction
目录
1绪论 1
1.1植物精气的定义和起源 1
1.2植物精气的功能 1
1.3植物精气的现况 2
1.4提取植物精气的方法 3
1.4.1压榨法 3
1.4.2 蒸馏法 3
1.4.3 溶剂浸提 4
1.4.4 微波法 4
1.4.5 超声波提取法 4
1.4.6 超临界流体萃取 5
1.5 植物精油化学成分 5
1.6 松针精油研究 5
1.7 甲醛 6
1.7.1 甲醛对人们毒害 6
1.8 研究意义 6
2 实验材料 6
2.1 实验材料与试剂 7
2.2 仪器与设备 7
3实验方法 8
3.1标定甲醛溶液并绘制甲醛标准曲线 8
3.1.1溶液配制 8
3.2水蒸气蒸馏提取松树精油 10
3.2.1 蒸馏方法 10
3.2.2 单因素实验 11
3.2.3评香 11
3.2.4 正价设计实验 11
3.2.5 气相色谱(GC) 11
3.2.6 甲醛消除 11
4实验结果与讨论 12
4.1 甲醛的标定 12
4.2 甲醛标准曲线 13
4.3 松树精油提取单因素实验结果 13
4.3.1 加热时间对提取得率影响 13
4.3.2 浸泡时间对提取率影响 14
4.2.3 烘干时间对提取得率影响 14
4.3.4 粒径对提取得率影响 15
4.4 单因素的评香结果 15
4.5 正交设计实验结果 17
4.6 GC和GC-MS 结果分析 18