摘 要：在原油开采过程中，由于蒸汽驱油、聚合物、表面活性剂等采油工艺技术的实施，导致原油中不仅含有大量的水，而且稳定性强。而原油中含有水会对后续的石油加工过程带来严重的危害。因此，在原油预处理过程中加入原油破乳剂进行破乳脱水是常规的手段之一。随着原油破乳难度增大，对原油破乳剂的自身要求也愈来愈高。因此，有针对性的开发研究出新型、高效、绿色环保的原油破乳剂具有非常重要的现实意义。本实验以葡萄糖、乳酸两种绿色原料作为主要原料，开发出一条高性能原油破乳剂的合成路线，该原油破乳剂绿色、高效，对山东某管输高含水稠质原油进行了静态破乳效果评价，试验结果表明可将此原油含水率降低至5%以下，脱水效率高达94%。94161

毕业论文关键词：原油破乳剂，合成，评价，脱水率

Abstract:In the process of crude oil extraction, due to steam flooding, polymer, surfactant and other oil production process technology, resulting in crude oil not only contains a lot of water, and stability。 And crude oil containing water will be on the follow-up of the oil processing process to bring serious harm。 Therefore, in the process of crude oil pretreatment by adding crude oil demulsifier for demulsification dehydration is one of the conventional means。 With the difficulty of breaking the crude oil, the requirements of crude oil demulsifier itself is also getting higher and higher。 Therefore, targeted research and development of new, efficient, green environmental protection of crude oil demulsifier has a very important practical significance。 In this experiment, glucose and lactic acid were used as the main raw materials to develop a synthetic route of high performance crude oil demulsifier。 The crude oil demulsifier was green and efficient, and the effect of static demulsification was evaluated on a high-water-rich crude oil in a pipe in Shandong province。 The results show that the water content of the crude oil can be reduced to below 5%, dehydration efficiency can be as high as 94%。源C于H优J尔W论R文M网WwW.youeRw.com 原文+QQ752-018766

Keywords: crude oil demulsifier，synthesis, evaluation, dehydration ratio

目   录

1  综述 4

1。1  原油乳液的形成 4

1。2 原油乳状液的破乳方法 4

1。3破乳剂的发展概况 4

1。4课题研究意义 6

2  原油破乳剂的制备 6

2。1主要试剂及仪器 6

2。2破乳剂的制备 7

3应用评价 8

3。1主要试剂及仪器 8

3。2测定破乳脱水率 8

3。3葡萄糖和乳酸的最佳摩尔比 9

3。4破乳剂的最佳破乳时间 10

3。5破乳前后原油水滴分布对比 10

3。6接触角的测定 13

3。7破乳性能评价 14

结  论 15

参 考 文 献 16

致  谢 18

1  综述

1。1  原油乳液的形成论文网

亿万年形成的原油在地层中是油水分离的，由于存在胶质、石蜡、沥青质等天然乳化剂，以及开采过程中加入了表面活性剂，而且在原油的开采、集输以及加工原油过程中油和水二者经过了充分的混合，经受剧烈的机械运动，也就形成了极其稳定的原油乳状液[1]，破乳难度增大[2-6]。