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摘要本课题的目的是能够精确、可靠测定核设施周边水环境中14C放射性活度浓度，为水中14C监测方法的相关技术标准提供一定参考。本课题以《中华人民共和国国家标准-水中碳-14分析方法》（征求意见稿）中的所述的实验方法为基础。通过实验的研究过程，包括装置搭建、实验流程的介绍和质量保证，建立了一种测量水样品14C活度的方法。该方法由湿法加热（催化）氧化装置和液体闪烁计数器测量法组成，具有所需样品量少、测量精密度高等特点，适用于核设施周边水环境中14C的研究。该方法得出的探测下限为0.25Bq/L。另外，对征求意见稿中方法的适用性、分析步骤、干扰消除等方面提出了几点意见和建议。26335
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关键词 14C， 湿法加热（催化）氧化， 低本底液闪计数器(LSC)
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
TitleCarbon-14 analysis method validation studies in water
Abstract
The purpose of this topic is to be able to accurately and reliably measure 14C activity concentration in the water environment surrounding nuclear facilities so as to provide a reference for the relevant technical standards of methods of monitoring 14C in water. The topic is based on the test method described in "People's Republic of China national standard -14C in water- analytical method" (exposure draft). By the experiment research process including device set-up, presentation of experimental procedure and quality assurance, a method of measuring 14C activity of water sample is established. The method is consisted of wet heating (catalytic) oxidation unit and liquid scintillation counter measuring unit, featured by small amount of sample required, and high precision of measurement, suitable for research on 14C in water environment surrounding nuclear facilities. It is obtained from the method that the detection limit is 0.25Bq / L. In addition, some suggestions and recommendations are proposed in several aspects, such as the applicability of the method, analytical procedure, interference cancellation and others in exposure draft.
Keywords 14C, wet heating (catalytic) oxidation, liquid scintillation counter (LSC)
目次 I
1 绪论 1
1.1 14C概况 1
1.2 水中14C研究的方法现状 1
1.2.1 14C的预处理和捕集方法 1
1.2.2 14C 测量方法 3
1.3 研究背景、目的及意义 4
1.3.1 研究背景 4
1.3.2 研究目的及意义 5
2 实验部分 7
2.1 实验仪器与试剂 7
2.1.1 实验仪器 7
2.1.2 实验试剂 7
2.1.3 试剂处理 7
2.2 实验方法原理 8
2.2.1 湿法加热（催化）氧化-液体闪烁计数器测量法 8
2.2.2 过硫酸根氧化机理 8
2.2.3 液体闪烁探测技术 9
2.2.4 二氧化碳的吸收 12
2.3 实验样品的制备 12
2.4 实验分析步骤 13
2.5 实验样品的测量与计算 13
2.5.1 绘制淬灭校正曲线 14
2.5.2 水中14C的放射性活度浓度的计算 14
2.5.3 全程放射化学回收率的计算 14