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摘要本文是关于煤炭为原料年产5万吨氨一氧化碳变换工段初步设计。在合成氨的生产中，一氧化碳变换反应是非常重要的反应。用煤炭制造的原料气中，含有一部分一氧化碳，CO会使合成氨的催化剂中毒失活，所以必须进行净化处理，先经过CO变换反应，得到易于清除的CO2和氨合成所需要的H2。由此可见，CO的变换反应既是原料气（即CO）的净化过程，又是原料气（即氢气）的制造过程，因为变换气中的一氧化碳转化成易于去除的CO2和反应所需的H2。本设计主要包括工艺路线的确定、废热锅炉的物料和热量核算以及设备选型、中温变换炉的物料衡算和热量衡算以及设备选型、触媒用量的计算、换热器的物料衡算和热量衡算以及设备选型、调温水加热器的物料和热量核算以及设备选型、低变炉的物料衡算和热量衡算及设备选型等。最终完成了将近17000字的设计说明书及生产工艺流程图。35681
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毕业论文关键词：煤炭；一氧化碳变换；中温变换炉；流程图
Abstract This article was about the annual output of coal as raw materials to transform five thousand tons of carbon monoxide ammonia preliminary design section. In the production of ammonia, transformation of carbon monoxide was a very important reaction. Manufactured using coal feed gas which contain apart of carbon monoxide, carbon monoxide could not be directly used as those of the raw materials of synthetic ammonia, but also a catalyst for ammonia poisoning effect there must be a catalyst for transformation through the catalytic reaction to be removed. Transformation of carbon monoxide is a gas purification process of raw materials, but also the manufacturing process of feed gas，because the Carbon monoxide in the feed gas transforms to Carbon dioxide and hydrogen.The design of the main routes which include the identification process, the medium variant of the furnace material balance , heat balance, the calculation of the amount of catalyst, in the variable furnace process of calculation and selection of equipment, heat exchanger of the material balance and heat balance as well as equipment selection type, the low variant of the furnace material balance and heat balance as well as equipment selection type and so on. In the end, nearly the 17,000-word statement and map production process.
Key words: Coal; Transformation of carbon monoxide; Temperature shift converter; Flow chart
目录
1 综述....1
1.1氨的性质和用途 1
1.1.1氨的性质 1
1.1.2氨的用途 2
1.2合成氨生产工艺简介 2
1.3合成氨生产现状 2
1.3.1世界合成氨生产现状 3
1.3.2我国合成氨生产现状 3
1.4一氧化碳变换在合成氨中的意义 3
1.5变换工艺发展概况 3
2变换流程及工艺条件 4
2.1变换工艺原理 4
2.2变换工艺的选择 5
2.3主要设备说明 5
2.4 工艺条件 6
2.4.1温度 6
2.4.2压力 6
2.4.3水汽比 6
3 工艺计算 7
3.1 基本工艺数据的确定 7
3.1.1水气比的确定 7
3.1.2中变炉CO的实际变换率的求取 8
3.1.3中变炉催化剂平衡曲线 8
3.1.4. 最佳温度曲线的计算 9
3.2废热锅炉的热量和物料衡算 10
3.3水蒸汽的加入 13
3.4中变炉一段催化床层的物料衡算 13
3.4.1中变炉一段催化床层的物料衡算 13
3.4.2对出中变炉一段催化床层的变换气的温度进行估算 15