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摘要炭气凝胶是由炭纳米颗粒相互连接而成的块状材料，具有连续的三维网络结构。到目前为止，炭气凝胶只要用于电极材料、吸附剂和隔热材料使用。本研究借鉴溶胶-凝胶制备炭气凝胶的方法，制备纳米炭胶，应用目标为碳/碳复合材料预制体的粘结剂。纳米炭胶通过酚醛基有机纳米胶通过热裂解转化而成。本论文开展了间苯二酚-甲醛基纳米胶和苯酚-间甲酚-糠醛基纳米胶的溶胶-凝胶制备方法研究。结果表明：苯酚-间甲酚-糠醛基纳米胶粒子在纳米量级，具有开放的纳米级多孔，并可以通过热裂解转化为纳米炭胶，而间苯二酚-甲醛基纳米胶粒子接近微米量级，具有开放的孔结构，孔隙在微米量级。从二者的结构特点看，前者更适合于碳/碳复合材料预制体的粘结剂使用。47460
毕业论文关键词：炭气凝胶， 纳米胶， 碳/碳复合材料， 预制体
Study on the carbon / carbon composite material of carbon nanoparticles
Abstract
Carbon aerogels are low-density porous materials with a unique three-dimensional nano-network, which are used as adsorbents, electrode materials and insulation materials at high temperature up to date. In this paper, organic nano glue was prepared from resorcinol-formaldehyde or m-cresol-phenol-furfural using sol-gel method similar to the preparation of carbon aerogels, which can be converted to carbon nano glue and can be used as carbon nano glue of preform of carbon/carbon composites. Results indicate that the carbon nano glue prepared from m-cresol-phenol-furfural has particles of nanometer size and open nanopores, which is superior to the carbon nano glue from resorcinol-formaldehyde that has particles of micrometer size and open micrometer size pores in terms of applications as nano glue of preform of carbon/carbon composites.
Key words：Carbon aerogels，Nano gel，Carbon/carbon composite, Preform
目录
摘 要 4
Abstract 5
1 绪论 6
1.1气凝胶的概述 6
1.1.1气凝胶的定义 6
1.1.2气凝胶的发展 6
1.2炭气凝胶概述 7
1.3炭气凝胶的制备 8
1.4影响炭气凝胶制备的条件 8
1.4.1 催化剂种类及浓度 8
1.4.2反应物总浓度 9
1.4.3老化及溶剂置换 9
1.4.4凝胶的干燥 10
1.4.5炭化 11
1.5炭气凝胶的应用 11
1.6 课题的提出及主要研究内容 12
2.实验部分 13
2.1实验原料及试剂 13
2.3实验步骤 14
2.3.1常压干燥间苯二酚-甲醛纳米炭胶的制备 14
2.3.2超临界干燥苯酚-间甲酚-糠醛纳米胶的制备 16
2.4结构测试及表征 16
2.4.1干燥收缩率、炭化收缩率和密度的表征 16
2.4.2扫描电子显微镜测试(SEM) 17
2.4.3 N2吸附测试(BET) 17