层状双氢氧化物的制备与应用

菜单

摘要：层状双金属氢氧化物是一类主体层板具有可变性和层间离子可交换性[1－3]的化合物，它是近年来快速发展起来的一类新型材料，其应用范围广泛，在能源化工、医药合成、分子载体、绝缘材料、光催化、功能材料、航天、通信等方面都具有广泛的用途，存在很大的社会价值和经济价值。基于层状双金属氧化物层板的可调节性和层间离子的可交换性，可以将一些具备特殊作用的离子或基团插入层间，从而合成一些具备特殊功能的新型纳米材料。例如，常见的Zn－Al－LDHs，通过在层间插入NH3得到吸附超强的Zn－Al－NH3－LDHs层状双金属氢氧化物，其吸附性能是其他吸附材料所很难相比的。化合物的合成便是基于任玲玲[4]的层状双金属化合物特殊的层状可调节和层间离子可交换的性质提出的插入合成法所制备。通过对层状双金属氢氧化物的合成方法和路线的对比，本论文观点认为最理想的方法是插入合成法（其沉淀法与阴离子交换法均属于插入合成法）。比如，运用此方法可以合成常规方法所不能或很难制备的具有抗癌作用的抗癌药物，以及光催化性能较好的纳米级光催化剂，且实验操作相对简单，产率高，可嵌入不同的分子或离子。48470

毕业论文关键词： LDHs；微波晶化法及室温固相合成法等；最优合成条件

Synthesis and Application of Layered Double Hydroxides

Abstract: Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) is a kind of main layer which has the variability and interlayer ion exchange compounds. It is a new kind of materials that has the rapid development in recently. Its application range is very wide, for example, pharmaceutical synthesis, molecular carier, insulation materials, photocatalytic, functional materials, aerospace, communications etc. It has a wide range of uses, there is a great social value and economic value. Based on layered double hydroxides layers of regulation and interlayer ion exchangeable, We can insert some have special effects in the ion or group into the layer so as to synthesize some materials which have special function of novel nanomaterials. For example, the common layered double metal hydroxide Zn－Al, by NH3 (NH3) layered double metal hydroxide, the as based on Ling Ling Ren layered double metal compound layer regulation and interlayer ion exchange properties of the proposed insertion method the preparation. Through the comparison of the synthesis method and the route of the layered double metal hydroxide, this paper points that the most ideal method is to insert the synthesis method. For example, the use of this method can synthesis anti-cancer anticancer drugs which the common method can not or very difficult , and it has better photocatalytic performance of nanophotocatalyst, and its experimental operation is relatively simple, high yield, and can be embedded in different molecules or ions.

Key Words: Layered Double Hydroxides; Microwave crystallization and Solid state reaction at room temperaturethe; Most suitable synthesis conditions

引　言

将可交换的阴离子填充在带正电荷的层柱状金属氢氧化物的层与层之间形成的化合物称为层状双金属氢氧化物（LDHs）。这一类化合又名水滑石或者类水滑化合物，它是一类阴离子型的插层材料，主体层板为金属的氢氧化物，一些体积稍小的分子如H2O、NH3、CO2或离子如卤素离子、CO23－、 NH4+ 、NO3 – 等因为某些原因而嵌入两个金属氢氧化物的板层间，从而形成一些结构特殊的层转化合物。这种层状化合物的稳定是通过嵌在层间的分子或离子来维持，因为两个金属氢氧化物板层都存在排次，而板层间的分子或离子与板层通过静电引力、氢键、范得华力等作用牵引结合。其组成通式为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　，其中M代表金属元素，（M2＋中M可取元素为锌、铜、镁等；M3＋中M代表元素为铝、铁、锰等；An－代表阴离子，包括有机、无机离子；中性分子酶、药物活性分子及其他生物大分子等[5]）。有研究表明，当满足以下条件合成的样品晶粒为规则的六边形：