摘要：现今，传统的电容器和蓄电池已经满足不了人们对于生产和生活的需求。它暴露出了循环寿命短、电容量低、污染环境等缺点。人们开始着力于研究新型的超级电容器，超级电容器有着良好的循环稳定性、充放电迅速、无污染以及寿命长等优点。在超级电容器中最为重要的就是电极材料。本文以改性的Hummers法以鳞片石墨为原料，通过苯胺的原位聚合，再加入氧化石墨烯对其进行结构优化，制备而得三维石墨烯-聚苯胺纳米复合材料。石墨烯的高导电性、高比表面积和聚苯胺的比电容高、内阻小等优点得到了充分的应用。实验结果通过使用电化学工作站、X射线衍射法、扫描电子显微镜等方法对制备而得的复合材料进行表征。发现在电流密度为1A/g的条件下，电极材料的比电容为602F/g。在电镜图下可以发现疏松的三维多孔状，使得复合材料具有更大的表面积，从而获得更多的储能空间。所制备的复合材料具有良好的电学性能，且循环稳定性优异。58146

毕业论文关键词：复合材料，氧化石墨烯，三维结构，聚苯胺，电化学性能，超级电容器

Three-dimensional graphene - Polyaniline Nanocomposites and Electrical Properties

Abstract:

Nowadays, conventional capacitors and batteries has failed to meet people's needs for production and living.It exposes the shortcomings such as short cycle life, low capacity, pollution and so on.People began to focus on the research of new super capacitors,it has the advantages of good cycle stability, fast charge and discharge, no pollution, long life and so on.Electrode material is the most important one in the super capacitor.In this dissertation, a modified Hummers method with flake graphite as raw materials,By in-situ polymerization of aniline, adding graphene oxide structure be optimized to obtain a three-dimensional graphene - polyaniline nanocomposites.High conductivity, high specific surface area and polyaniline with high specific capacitance, low internal resistance and other advantages of graphene has been fully applied.The experimental results were characterized by using electrochemical workstation, X - ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and other methods.Under the condition of the current density of 1A/g, the specific capacitance of the electrode material is 602F/g.In electron micrographs,it can be found in a loose three-dimensional porous, so that the composite material has a larger surface area to get more storage space.The obtained composites have good electrical properties, and excellent in cycle stability.

Key word：Composite materials, graphene oxide, three-dimensional structure，electrochemical performance，Super capacitor

目录

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 石墨烯的制备 1

1.2.1 石墨烯的化学性质 1

1.2.2 石墨烯的电学性能 2

1.2.3 石墨烯的力学性能 2

1.2.5 石墨烯的三维结构 2

1.2.6 石墨烯的制备方法 3

1.2.7 石墨烯在超级电容器中的作用 4

1.3 聚苯胺的制备 5

1.3.1 聚苯胺性能 5

1.3.2 聚苯胺的制备方法 5

1.4 石墨烯-聚苯胺电极材料的制备 6

1.4.1 化学氧化原位聚合 6

1.4.2 电化学沉积 7

1.4.4 三维层次结构