摘 要：在温和条件下，将高分子表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)引入到反应体系中，将其作为软模板剂，以乙酸锌为前驱体，氨水作为原料，用液相法合成了大面积的由纳米棒组装的具有分级结构的西兰花状纳米氧化锌。用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM），X-射线衍射（XRD）等进行表征分析。结果表明：在羧甲基纤维素钠存在条件下，可以通过调节氨水的用量来控制产物的形貌。在此基础上，研究了液相法制得的西兰花状纳米氧化锌的催化性能。结果表明：分级结构的西兰花状纳米氧化锌可以有效催化分解高氯酸铵。

    利用配位剂氨或者氢氧根和表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠的共同模板作用，合成三种不同形貌的具有分级结构的纳米ZnO材料 ：由六棱柱型纳米棒构成的空心纺锤状形貌、由纳米片堆积而成的花状形貌、由六棱柱型纳米棒构成的球型放射状形貌。通过系列对照实验可知：在氨作为配位剂的体系中，表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠在氨存在的溶液环境下形成晶体生长的“通道”，起到主要的形貌控制作用，配位剂氨主要起控制单元结构的作用；在氢氧根作为配位剂的体系中，配位剂氢氧根起到主要的形貌控制作用，配位剂的用量对最终形貌有较大的影响，表面活性剂羧甲基纤维素钠主要起控制尺度的作用。58396

毕业论文关 键 词：ZnO；分级结构；西兰花状；催化性能；形貌控制

Abstract:Different hierarchical ZnO superstructures assembled by nanorods were successfully synthesized via a facile solution method and a hydrothermal method under mild conditions by using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) as a soft- template agent, using ZnAc2.2H2O as a precursor of copper, ammonia as the provision of basic environment.Otherwise,use SEM、XRD and other means characterize the product and successfully control the morphology and size of copper oxide nano-materials.The morphology of the final products was simply tuned by adding different amounts of ammonia in the presence of NaCMC. In addition, the catalytic properties of as-prepared products were investigated. It was found that these broccoli-like ZnO superstructures have good abilities to promote the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP).

  Three morphologically different hierarchical ZnO nanostructures were synthesized with the collaborative effect of complexant ammonia or hydroxide ion and surfactant sodium carboxymethylcellulose under hydrothermal conditions: hollow spindle-like morphology formed by nano hexagonal prism, flower-like morphology formed by nano layer and sphere-like radial morphology formed by nano hexagonal prism. Based on a series of control experiments: In the reaction system with ammonia as complexant, surfactant carboxymethylcellulose sodium formed “Channels” in the presence of ammonia in the solution in which crystals were growing and played the major role in morphology control while complexant ammonia played the major role in unit structure control; In the reaction system with hydroxide ion as complexant, complexant played the major role in morphology control since the amount of complexant had great influence on the final morphologies while surfactant sodium carboxymethylcellulose played the major role in scale control. 

Keywords: ZnO; hierarchical structures; broccoli-like; catalytic properties; morphology control

目  录

第一章   绪论 4

1.1 纳米材料的定义、概述 4

1.2 纳米材料性能与形貌的关系 5

1.3 氧化锌的结构 5

1.4 氧化锌的性质 6

1.4.1  普通氧化锌