摘 要：通过磷酸浸泡，辅助微波氧化活化玉米秸秆制备活性炭，并将所制得的活性炭与聚苯胺通过化学氧化法复合，得到活性炭/聚苯胺复合材料用作超级电容器电极材料。采用BET、SEM表征了产物的结构和形貌，结果表明：在用10mL20%的磷酸溶液浸泡1g玉米秸秆，再在功率为700W的微波炉中活化4min（分2次进行，每次2min）条件下制得的活性炭最佳，比表面积达1124.48m2/g；采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电和交流阻抗测试方法对其电化学性能进行了研究。循环分析表明，电极在1mol·L–1的H2SO4电解液中，0~1V电位范围内，表现出良好的电容性能，活性炭单体的最大比容量为162.03F·g-1，而活性炭/聚苯胺复合材料的最大比容量为253.03F·g-1，说明活性炭/聚苯胺复合材料比活性炭具有更好的电容性能。但在充放电测试中，活性炭/聚苯胺复合材料的比容量有所衰减，说明实验条件还需进一步完善，或者再引入其他活性组分。60910

毕业论文关键词：  玉米秸秆   活性炭   聚苯胺   比容量

Abstract：Soaking in phosphoric acid, and then assisted by microwave oxidation, activated carbon (AC) was successfully synthesized from corn straw, and the obtained activated carbon was modified with polyaniline which was polymerized by oxidative method. The obtained active carbon and activated carbon/polyaniline composite were characterized by BET and SEM techniques, and used as electrode material of super capacitor. Results show that under the condition of soaking 1g corn straw in 10mL 20% phosphoric acid solution, then activated in 700W microwave for 4min (2 times, each time 2min), the obtained activated carbon possess the optimal BET surface area (1124.48m2/g). The electrochemical properties of active carbon and activated carbon/polyaniline were studied by cyclic voltammetry, constant current charge discharge and AC impedance method. Cycle analysis shows that the obtained optimal activated carbon presented good capacitance performance, and the specific capacity reached 162.03F/g when tested in 1mol/L H2SO4, scanned in the range of 0~1V. After modified with polyaniline, the largest capacity of carbon/polyaniline reached to 253.03F/g, illustrating the capacitance performance carbon/polyaniline is better than that of activated carbon. But in the charge discharge test, specific capacity of activated carbon/polyaniline composite decreases gradually, indicating the experimental conditions need to be further improved, or the need of introduction of other active components.

Key words:  Corn straw, Activated carbon, Polyaniline, Specific capacity

1  引言 4

2.3  活性炭与聚苯胺复合材料的制备 4

3.1  活性炭的表征及性能 5

3.1.1  活性炭的结构表征 5

3.1.1.1  活性炭的BET表征分析 5

3.1.1.2  活性炭的电镜分析 6

3.1.2  活性炭的电化学性能 6

3.1.2.1  活性炭的循环伏安测试 6

3.1.2.2  活性炭的恒电流充放电测试 9

3.1.2.3  活性炭的电化学阻抗测试 10

3.2  活性炭/聚苯胺的表征及性能 11

3.2.1  活性炭/聚苯胺的结构表征 11

3.2.1.1  活性炭/聚苯胺的BET表征分析 11

3.2.1.2  活性炭/聚苯胺的电镜分析