华东区PM2.5污染时空特征GIS分析
毕业论文关键词：PM2.5，GIS，时空分析，华东区
Abstract：In recent years, China experienced a wide range of persistent, severe haze of the weather, in which the North China Plain, central, east and other regions have been severely haze effect. PM2.5 is caused by fog and haze of major pollutants. Paper chooses East as the study area, PM2.5 monitoring data collected through 2014 in east China, combined with vector maps East PM2.5 pollution characteristics of temporal GIS analysis, research and analysis at the same time temperature, PM1 and other factors on PM2.5 concentrations the impact of changes. Studies have shown that: Through East PM2.5 were temporal GIS analysis, the changes in the concentration of PM2.5 have differences in space, by its geographical location affect the same time, changes in PM2.5 concentrations in the same area in time there different differences, different time, PM2.5 concentration trends. By temperature, PM10 and PM2.5 data data correlation analysis we found that there is a clear correlation between temperature, PM10 and PM2.5 concentration changes.
Keywords：PM2.5, GIS, spatial and temporal analysis, Eastern Region
1 前 言 3
2 研究区概况 3
3 数据与方法 5
3.1 数据 5
3.2 研究方法 5
4 PM2.5浓度时空分异分析 7
4.1 PM2.5浓度空间变化分析 7
4.2 PM2.5浓度时间变化分析 9
5 影响PM2.5浓度因素 12
5.1 温度对PM2.5浓度的影响 12
5.2 PM10对PM2.5浓度的影响 12
结 论 14
参考文献 15
致 谢 16
1 前 言
PM是颗粒物(particulate matter)的英文首字母缩写。在定义PM2.5时需要给“直径”一个修饰语——“空气动力学”。为什么？因为空气中的颗粒物是不规则的球形。PM2.5定义为：通过检测仪器时，空气动力学特征与直径小于或等于2.5微米且密度为1克/立方厘米的球形颗粒一致的颗粒物[1]。虽然PM2.5在地球大气成分中所占比例很小，但是它对空气质量和能见度等有着重要影响。与较粗的大气颗粒物相比，PM2.5具有粒径小、面积大、活动性强，易附带有毒、有害物质（例如，重金属、微生物等）的特点，且在大气中的停留时间长，输送距离远，会对人体健康与大气环境质量的造成影响。
美国于1997年最早提出PM2.5大气质量标准的国家，同时也是最先开始PM2.5监测的国家[2]。自2000年起，中国开始了47个城市的城市环境空气质量日报和预报的工作。主要监测二氧化硫、二氧化氮，发布形式有空气污染物指数、首要空气污染物、空气质量级别和空气质量状况等。到目前为止，全国已有180个地级以上城市实时发布环境空气质量日报，其中90个地级城市还实现了环境空气质量预报。
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