摘要本文对70%阳离子度P(DAC-AM)的制备工艺进行初步探索。以丙烯酰胺（AM）和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（DAC）为原料，采用过硫酸铵（APS）和亚硫酸氢钠（RH）复合氧化还原引发体系，反应前期一次性加入，两步升温的水溶液聚合法制备共聚物P(DAC-AM)。以产物特征黏度和转化率为考察指标，探讨了单体起始含量、引发剂含量、引发剂配比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产物P(DAC-AM)的特征黏度值的影响。在初步探索实验的基础上，对单体起始含量、引发剂含量和助剂含量进行了正交优化实验。实验得到的较佳的反应条件为：w(单体)=43%、w(APS-RH)=0.16%、w(APS):w(RH)=3:1、w(Na4EDTA)=0.015%、T1=40℃、T2=54℃、t1=3h、t2=3h。在上述条件下，所得到P(DAC-AM)产物的特征黏度值为11.82dL/g，转化率为92.55%。以上研究为系列化阳离子聚合物的制备、机理和性能研究奠定了基础。63647

毕业论文关键词   丙烯酰胺 丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵 共聚反应 阳离子度 氧化还原引发剂 工艺 特征黏度

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title     Preliminary Study on Synthesis Process of   70-Cationic Polyacrylamide  P(DAC-AM)

Abstract Polymerization process of preparing 70-cationic polyacrylamide P(DAC-AM) was studied in this paper. Using acrylamide (AM) and acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) as raw material,ammonium peroxydisulfate (APS) and sodium bisulfite (RH) as redox initiator, cationic polyacrylamide P(DAC-AM) was synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization with adding the initiators in one shot and rasing the polymerization temperature in two steps. The effects of such factors as the content of original monomers, the content of initiator, initiator ratio, the reaction temperature,and the reaction time on intrinsic viscosity of P(DAC-AM) in the process of copolymerization were investigated by using intrinsic viscosity and conversion rate for criterions. The content of original monomers, the content of initiator and the content of Na4EDTA were optimized by orthogonal experiments on the basic of the preliminary exploration. Under the optimal reaction conditions as w(monomers) =43%,    w (APS-RH)=0.16%, w (APS): w (RH) =3:1, w (Na4EDTA)=0.015%, T1=40 ℃, T2=54 ℃, t1=3h and t2=3h, intrinsic viscosity of the product was 11.82dL/g and the conversion rare was 92.55% . These studies laid the foundation for the research of preparation ,mechanism and performences of the series of cationic polyacrylamide .

Keywords  acrylamide, acryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, copolymerization, cationicity, redox initiator, process, intrinsic viscosity

1   绪论1

2  阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(P(DAC-AM))的制备原理 5

2.1 DAC和AM共聚自由基理论 5

2.2 DAC和AM自由基聚合的基元反应5

2.3 引发剂引发机理 9

  2.4 聚合反应速率方程  9

2.5 影响P(DAC-AM)相对分子质量的因素  10

3  实验方案设计12

3.1 70%阳离子度P(DAC-AM)的共聚反应工艺条件的探索   12

3.2 研究路线工作图 13

3.3 实验研究基本步骤   13

3.4 聚合物的性质测定 14

4   实验部分 17

4.1 仪器和药品   17

4.2 实验结果   18

结论  28

致谢  29

参考文献30

1 绪论

2 阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(P(DAC-AM))的制备原理

   本文采用水溶液聚合的方法制备阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(P(DAC-AM)) ,这是自由基聚合反应，具体的反应机理如下所述。

2.1 DAC和AM共聚自由基共聚理论

自由基是带有未配对电子的基团，性质非常活泼，容易获得或失去一个电子而成键，是由化合物分子的共价键在外界条件（如光、热、辐射、引发剂等）的影响下，分裂而成的。自由基一般都是反应的中间产物，在液态或气态时，寿命很短，浓度极低，不能单独分离出来。自由基活性也与自身结构有关，一般可归纳为共轭效应、极性因素和空间位阻效应。自由基本身是不可能分解成更简单的自由基反应[14]。论文网