摘要随着世界各国对烟花爆竹行业对安全和环保的要求不断提高，不少研究者致力于寻找一种可以替代黑火药的新型药剂，其中军用退役火药成为了研究者的焦点。本文通过撞击感度测试实验、热分析（DSC）实验、透光率对比实验、烟气各组分浓度分析实验、烟雾对比试验和烟气毒性分析对微孔型无烟烟花药的安全及环保性能进行分析。结果表明：（1）安全性能方面，微孔型无烟烟花药的机械感度相对于黑火药较高，但加入黏合剂之后感度明显下降。其初始分解温度除添加淀粉的样品以外，其他样品均在180℃以上，峰值分解温度则均在200℃左右，说明热稳定性能良好，可以确保储存过程中的安全性。（2）环保性能方面，微孔型无烟烟花药燃烧产生的烟雾远远小于黑火药，环保性及观赏性明显优于黑火药。(3)微孔型无烟烟花药燃烧产生的有毒有害气体中，部分气体浓度相对于黑火药并没有明显的降低，在个别组分的浓度上有时还会超过黑火药。63756

毕业论文关键词  微孔型无烟烟花药 机械感度 安全性能 环保性能

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title Study on safety and environmental technology of micro-porous smokeless fireworks powder

Abstract With the world of fireworks industry demands for safety and environmental protection continue to improve, many researchers committed to finding an alternative to black powder new powder, expired military powders become the focus of researchers. In this paper, through the impact sensitivity test, thermal analysis (DSC) experiment, transmittance contrast experiment, flue gas concentration analysis experiment, smoke test and toxicity analysis of safety and environmental performance of micro-porous smokeless fireworks medicine research. It was found that :

(1) Safety performance, The new smokeless fireworks powder mechanical sensitivity is higher that of black powder, mechanical sensitivity decreased significantly after joining the adhesive. The initial decomposition temperature of it other than the sample of adding starch, other samples over 180 degrees centigrade, and the peak decomposition temperature is about 200 degrees centigrade. This shows good thermal stability, to ensure the safety during storage.

(2) Environmental performance, the smoke from burning of the micro-porous smokeless fireworks powder is far less than the black powder. Environmental performance and ornamental significantly better than the black powder.

(3) For toxic and harmful gases, micro-porous smokeless fireworks combustion cause partial gas concentrations does not significantly reduced relative to the black powder, and concentrations of inpidual components is more than black powder.

Keywords   Micro-porous smokeless fireworks powder    Mechanical sensitivity   Safety performance    Environmental performance

 目录

1  前言 1

1.1  研究目的和意义 1

1.2  无烟烟花药剂的国内外发展动态 2

1.3  退役火炸药基本性能分析 3

1.4  本文的研究内容 3

2  样品制备方法及研究方案 5

2.1  样品制备方法及工艺过程 5

2.2  研究方案 6

3  安全性能研究实验 8

3.1  撞击感度的测试 8

3.2  热分析（DSC）实验 11

4  环保性能研究实验方案设计