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摘要本文总结了固体云爆剂的制备工艺和提高药剂安全性能的途径，阐述了粘结-钝感机理，并以此为依据选择了合适的粘结-钝感剂及其制备工艺。针对药剂中较敏感的高能炸药黑索今（RDX），通过选用合适的表面活性剂实现了对其均匀的包覆，采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和机械感度测试对包覆样品进行了表征，从扫描电镜图片可以看出包覆后的样品表面有一层薄膜，利用XPS图谱分析得到样品表面包覆度可达87.80%，机械感度测试结果也表明其感度明显减低，特性落高由16.47cm提高到25.12cm，摩擦感度也明显降低。最后对制备的固体云爆剂进行了性能测试，包括成型性能、力学性能和安全性能，测试结果表明能够满足使用需求。8660
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关键词：云爆剂，RDX，粘结剂，钝感剂，包覆工艺
Title：Research on the Preparation of solid FAE Technology and the Characterization
Abstract
The preparation process of FAE and methods to improve pharmaceutical safety performance was summarized in this article.The bonding - insensitive mechanism was expounded, and as a basis to select suitable bonding - insensitive agent and its preparation process. Against the pharmaceutical sensitive high explosive RDX (RDX)，it's evenly coated by choosing the appropriate surfactant. The coated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mechanical sensitivity testing. The sample surface is coated with a layer of film, the XPS spectra of a sample coated up to 87.80%, the mechanical sensitivity of the test results also show that its sensitivity is significantly reduced, and characteristics of drop height improve from 16.47cm to 25.12cm, the friction sensitivity is significantly reduced too. At last，the molding properties, mechanical properties, and safety performance were tested , and the results show that it could entirely meet the demand.
Keywords: FAE, RDX, binder, insensitive agent, coating process
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 云爆剂在国内外的发展状况 1
1.1.1 FAE研究现状 1
1.1.2 云爆弹发展趋势 1
1.2 本课题的研究意义 2
1.3 本文的主要研究内容 2
2 固体云爆剂安全性理论分析 4
2.1 安全性能 4
2.2 钝感机理 4
2.2.1 吸热及隔热理论 4
2.2.2 缓冲与润滑理论 5
2.3 粘结机理 6
2.3.1 润湿理论 6
2.3.2 酸碱配位理论 7
2.3.3 扩散理论 7
2.4 小结 8
3 粘结剂和钝感剂的选择及包覆工艺的确定 9
3.1 粘结剂的选择 9
3.2 钝感剂的选择与确定 10
3.3 溶剂的选择及用量 13
3.4 云爆剂炸药颗粒包覆工艺的选择与确定 14
3.5 小结 17
4 包覆样品制备与性能表征 18
4.1 样品的制备 18
4.2 包覆样品表征 19
4.2.1 扫描电镜（SEM）表征 19
4.2.2 X射线光电子能谱表征（XPS） 20
4.2.3 机械感度表征 22
4.4 小结 23
5 固体云爆剂性能测试 25
5.1 安全性能 25
5.2 成型性能 26
5.3 力学性能 28