摘 要: 分离焦虑是幼儿初入园时的一种常见现象，每个幼儿都会不同程度地表现出分离焦虑。幼儿分离焦虑通常表现为依恋父母及其他教养人员，大哭大闹,拒绝分离；单独活动，拒绝与其他幼儿和教师交往；情绪不稳定，容易发脾气，易产生攻击性行为 ；拒绝吃饭、睡觉，跟不上幼儿园的生活节奏等。导致幼儿分离焦虑的主要原因有亲子依恋；幼儿自身性格差异；家园生活环境的变化；人际交往范围和人际关系的变化；生活常规和生活习惯的变化；幼儿家长自身的分离焦虑等。家长、老师、幼儿园需要共同努力缓解幼儿入园焦虑，帮助幼儿实现家园的顺利过渡。58857

毕业论文关 健 词: 幼儿,分离焦虑,现象,成因,对策

Abstract: Separation anxiety is a common phenomenon when children entered the kindergarten and each child will show separation anxiety to varying degrees. Children's separation anxiety generally characterized by attachment to parents and other educated workers, refused to separate; Inpidual activities, refused to associate with other children and teachers; Emotional instability, easy to lose his temper, prone to aggressive behavior; Refused to eat and sleep, couldn't keep up with the kindergarten life rhythm, etc. The causes of children's separation anxiety are these parental attachment; Differences of children's personality ;Differences between family’s environment and environment of the kindergarten; Changes of interpersonal scope and interpersonal relationships; Changes of routines and lifestyle; Parents’ own separation anxiety, etc. Parents, teachers and kindergarten need to work together to relieve children's preschool anxiety to help they adapt to the life in the kindergarten.

Keyword：child, separation anxiety, phenomenon, factor, countermeasure

1    引言 3

2    新入园幼儿分离焦虑的主要表现 3

2.1  依恋父母及其他教养人员，大哭大闹,拒绝分离 3

2.2  单独活动，拒绝与其他幼儿和教师交往 3

2.3  情绪不稳定，容易发脾气，易产生攻击性行为 3

2.4  拒绝吃饭、午睡，跟不上幼儿园的生活节奏 3

3    新入园幼儿分离焦虑的成因分析 4

3.1  亲子依恋 4

3.2  幼儿自身性格差异 4

3.3  家园生活环境的变化 4

3.4  人际交往范围和人际关系的变化 4

3.5  生活常规和生活习惯的变化 5

3.6  幼儿家长自身的分离焦虑 5

4    新入园幼儿分离焦虑的应对策略 5

4.1  入园前，家长主动配合幼儿园 5

4.1.1 引导幼儿与人交往，降低对父母的依恋 6

4.1.2 带领幼儿参观幼儿园，熟悉幼儿园环境 6

4.1.3 为幼儿创造与人交往机会，提高交往能力 6

4.1.4 培养幼儿良好的生活习惯，提高生活自理能力 6

4.1.5 家长积极寻找新的寄托，缓解自身分离焦虑 7

4.2  入园后，教师积极发挥主导作用