摘要随着能源危机以及环保问题日趋严重，人们对太阳能等这类新能源的开发利用越来越重视，但发电成本高以及太阳能利用效率低的问题一直阻碍和影响着太阳能技术的推广。本论文对太阳跟踪技术进行了系统研究和开发，可实现对太阳能更高效率的利用，这对拓宽太阳能的利用领域方便用户使用具有重要的意义。50750

该论文提出了基于天气状况的的跟踪方法，首先对当天的天气状况进行检测，当天气为晴天时，系统会选择基于光电传感器对光强的检测来判断太阳的位置，从而实现对日跟踪；当天气为阴天时，系统会选择使用基于天文学中太阳运动轨迹的跟踪方法对日跟踪；当天气为大雨或大风天气时，系统会自动收起太阳能电池板以防对电池板支架造成损坏；

基于以上的跟踪方法的研究，本文完成了以PLC为核心控制器的跟踪控制系统的所有机械设计。设计部分主要包括整体总装设计、具体各零部件设计，包括运动部分太阳能电池板支架，支承部分太阳能底座，驱动部分步进电机型号的选取，传动部分回转减速器，的齿轮箱设计，以及跟踪精度确定，传动比设计，重要支承以及传动部分的校核和非重要部件的刚度强度校核。在此基础上，利用UG三维软件进行了建模仿真，验证了设计的的机械系统的可行性合理性。

毕业论文关键词:双轴跟踪装置；光电传感器；视日轨迹跟踪；光电跟踪；阴晴判断

Abstract With the environmental problems and energy crisis becoming increasingly serious, the development and utilization of new energy sources such as the solar energy is more and more important. However, the problem that low efficiency and high costs of solar energy utilization are always blocking and affecting the popularization of helio-technics. This paper is to give a method against the problem of energy waste in the solar energy field, which has a great significance to make user convenient to use the solar products and broaden the field of solar energy utilization.

The paper puts forward a tracking method based on weather conditions, firstly the system will test on the day's weather conditions, when the weather condition is sunny day, the system will choose the tracking method which based on photoelectric sensor to detect the day's light intensity to judge the position of the sun, so as to realize the solar tracking; When the weather is cloudy, the system will choose the tracking method based on astronomy trajectory in the sun moving; When the weather is heavy rain or strong wind weather, the system will automatically keep the solar panels flat in case of damage to the panels support; 

Based on the tracking method in above, this paper completed all mechanical design for the tracking control system whose core controller is PLC. The overall design part includes the assembly design, detailed design of the various components, including the moving part of the solar panel bracket, supporting part of the solar base, stepper motor drive section of the model selection, transmission part of rotary gear, design of electric putter's gear box, and determine tracking accuracy, design of the transmission ratio, important part of the support and the drive check and stiffness strength check of non-critical components. Based on this, using UG dimensional modeling software for the simulation, verified the reliability and feasibility of the design of the mechanical system.

Keywords: Biaxial tracking devices; Photoelectric sensors; Sun trajectory tracking;  Photoelectric tracking; Weather condition judgment;

目  录

第一章  绪论 1

1.1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状及分析