摘要螺旋桨是大型船舶必备的推进器部件, 其表面质量及制造精度将直接决定推进系统的推力、效率、稳定性、寿命和制造成本，加工出高质量的螺旋桨对于大型船舶行业的发展起到非常重要的作用。但是螺旋桨是复杂的三维曲面零件，它的设计与制造难度相当高。随着近些年来数控加工技术的不断发展，螺旋桨的加工逐渐采用加工中心来制造替代了传统的加工方法，但是加工效率并不理想，如何充分利用加工中心，设计新的机床结构，以提高加工效率和加工质量，是目前研究的重点和难点。51115

本课题通过对螺旋桨螺旋曲面的特殊性进行概括分析，利用螺旋桨的叶片空间几何初定机床的设计方案，在整体上极大地缩小了机床的空间布局，减小了机床的体积。与普通大型龙门式机床相比，该机床能够在零件一次装夹下完成螺旋桨正反两面加工，而且减少了机床材料的使用，节约了制造成本。在机床整体结构上，通过对加工范围的考虑，整体运用五轴联动的机床传动思想，通过对电主轴、力矩电机、直线电机等先进动力部件的使用，提高机床的整体切削效率。后期对机床关键结构部件的有限元分析，校核其刚度是否满足机床精度要求，使得整个设计结果更加科学而有效。在螺旋桨的数控加工方面，将运用UG强大的自动编程能力，在UG中设置刀具参数、切削参数等，并自动生成刀具轨迹，为UG的后处理运算做准备。

毕业论文关键词：五轴联动；螺旋桨；加工中心；有限元分析

Abstract

The propeller is the necessary part of large ships, its surface quality and manufacturing accuracy will directly determine the propulsion system, the thrust efficiency, stability, service life and cost of manufacture, processing propeller of high quality plays very important role in the development of large ship industry. But the propeller is three-dimensional parts with complex surfaces, it is very difficult in high designing and manufacturing it. With the continuous development of NC technology in recent years, the propeller processing gradually by processing center replaced the traditional processing method, but the processing efficiency is not ideal, how to make full use of machining center, design of machine tool structure, in order to improve the machining efficiency and quality, is the focus and difficult of the study.

This topic through the particularity of propeller helical surface analysis, the design scheme of blade geometry original machine propeller, on the whole greatly reduces the spatial layout of machine, reduce the machine size. Compared with the ordinary large Longmen type machine, the machine not only can complete processing the propeller in one fixture, but also reduces the use of tool materials, saves manufacturing cost. In the machine tool structure, through the consideration of the processing range, overall use of machine tool transmission thought five axis linkage, through the use of electric spindle, linear motor, torque motor and other advanced power components, improved the overall efficiency of cutting machine. The late finite element for the key components of the machine, check whether it meet the accuracy requirement of stiffness of machine tool, making the whole design results more scientific and effective. In the NC machining of propeller, using UG powerful automatic programming ability, setting the tool parameters, cutting parameters in UG, and automatic generation of tool path, preparing UG post processing.

Keywords: Five axis linkage； Propeller；Machining center ; Finite element analysis.

目录

第一章  绪论 1

1.1 加工中心的技术现状及其发展方向 1

1.1.1高档加工中心的发展趋势