摘要：圆度与圆柱度误差是评价 回转类零件形状精度的两个重要指标，通常采用圆柱度测量仪测量。圆度仪是机械工业中用来检测回转体零件的一种高精度测量仪器。圆度误差是指在垂直于回转体轴线截面上的轮廓对其理想圆的变动量：圆柱度误差是指被测实际圆柱面对其理想圆柱面的变动量。61727

本文主要针对圆度仪的机械结构部分进行设计。所以设计的主要部分是箱体的设计计算，运动传动的设计计算，驱动装置的设计计算，传感器的选型。首先先对驱动装置进行设计，由于本工作台需要满足传感器部分的上下前后移动并且要保证精度还需要满足测量盘做旋转运动的要求所以分别选择步进电机和直流电机。其次在设计传动部分结构包括导轨，丝杠，齿轮等部分的设计。最后是根据上面两部分来确定箱体的尺寸。

最后就是对传感器的选择。需要满足课题要求的精度，介于是高精密度的测量所以选择的传感器必须精确。

毕业论文关键字： 圆度仪：传感器：回转零件 

Rotary parts shape tolerance test system design

Abstract；Roundness and cylindricity error is rotary parts shape accuracy evaluation of two important indicators, usually adopts the cylindricity measuring instrument measurement. Roundness instrument is used to detect the axisymmetrical parts in mechanical industry a high precision measuring instruments. Roundness error refers to the perpendicular to the axis of the revolving body on the cross section contour to its ideal circle: the change of the cylindricity error is refers to the measured actual amount changes in columns in the face of the cylinder is ideal.

This article mainly aims at the mechanical structure of the roundness instrument parts design. So the design is the main part of the design and calculation of box, movement transmission design and calculation, the calculation in the design of drive, the sensor selection. First to drive design in the first place, because the workbench to satisfy the sensor part of the upper and lower back and forth motion and to ensure the accuracy of also need to satisfy the requirement of rotation of the measuring plate so choose stepper motor and dc motor respectively. Second part in the design of the transmission structure including the guide rail, screw, gear and other parts of the design. The last is based on the above two parts to determine the size of the enclosure.

The last is the selection of sensors. Need to meet the requirements of the subject precision, between is of high precision measuring so choose the sensor must be accurate.

KeyWords；roundness instrument： sensor ：rotary parts                                   

目  录

1绪论 1

1.1 课题的背景和意义 1

1.2  圆度与圆柱度误差的半径测量法 1

1.3 圆度与圆柱度误差评定的国内外研究现状 2

1.3.1  国内研究现状 2

1.3.2  国外研究现状 2

1.4 课题的设计任务 3

2总体方案设计 4

2.1系统工作原理 4

2.2 误差检测 5

2.1.1 最小二乘法(LSC) 6

3机械结构设计计算 7

3.1丝杠的设计计算 7

3.2.1直线电机的计算