摘要由于 ICP 型或压电式高阻抗输出型的传感器构成的测量系统无法确保系统的 时间常数做到无穷大，该类系统的低频特性不够理想，尤其是零频特性极差，采 用静态标定或校准时会出现漂移等现象。解决此问题常用准静态校准方法，准静态校准采用的压力源是基于落锤液压标定装置的工作原理设计的，针对冲击波压 力测量系统的准静态校准的要求，研制了落锤液压标定装置。为实现落锤液压标 定装置在校准过程中的各种运动动作，设计了基于 PLC 与触摸屏的控制系统。通 过步进电机与光栅尺相结合的控制方式来实现重锤高度控制、吸附与释放，通过 气动控制回路中电磁阀与气缸的配合来实现防止重锤二次撞击精密活塞的功能，68531

采用光电传感器测量重锤撞击活塞时的速度，采用校零器实现校准系统的校零功 能。经过试验与调试，此控制系统能够满足控制要求。

毕业论文关键词  冲击波压力  测量系统  低频校准  控制系统  PLC 触摸屏

Title Control system design of low-frequency calibration device for shock wave pressure measurement system

Abstract

Since the measurement system ICP-type or high-impedance output type piezoelectric sensor composed of the time constant of the system can not be done to ensure the infinite, drift phenomena will occur because of the use of static calibration. Used to solve this problem quasi-static calibration method, the quasi-static pressure source calibration using calibration device is based on the principle of hydraulic drop hammer design. For shock wave quasi-static pressure measurement system calibration requirements, the dropper-hammer dynamic calibration device is developed. To achieve the various movement of the dropper-hammer dynamic calibration device during calibration, the combination of the touch screen PLC control system is developed. The control method of the combination of Stepper motor and encoder is used to achieve weight control, adsorption and release. Through the coordination of the solenoid valve and the cylinder of pneumatic control loop，the secondary impact of hammer precision piston is prevented. Photoelectric sensor is used to measure the speed of the piston hammer strike. Zeroing devices is used to achieve the function of zero calibration of calibration system.

Keyword Shock wave pressure Measurement System Low frequency calibration Control Systems PLC Touch screen

目 次

1 引言 1

1.1 背景和课题研究的意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 本文工作及研究内容 3

2 冲击波压力测量系统准静态校准原理及控制方案 4

2.1 冲击波压力测量系统准静态校准原理 4

2.2 校准装置总体结构及工作过程 5

2.3 控制系统的功能及技术指标 7

2.4 控制系统总体方案