摘要随着全球经济的高速发展，能源需求日益增加，其中石油越来越成为不可缺少的 重要资源，而石油的运输主要是通过海上船舶运输。但是，在运输过程中，船舶可能 会因为各种原因而发生油品泄漏，一旦发生泄漏事故，将会对环境和经济造成巨大的 恶劣影响。所以，一旦发生这类事故，必须及时地采取有效的行动措施，启动应急方 案，把事故造成的环境影响和经济损失降至最低。而溢油事故具有不受人为控制的突 发性，复杂性，所以预防和补救此类事故需要对油品泄漏进行深入的研究，以减少海 上船舶油品泄漏事故所造成的危害和损失。77330

本文基于 Ansys15。0 软件，验证了 VOF 法在计算二维刚性液舱泄漏时的可行性。 并利用该数值模拟方法研究船舶碰撞后船舶底舱破孔处油水气三相流体流动, 并与 有关文献中的结果进行对比验证，证明本文数值结果可以较好地模拟油品泄漏的细 节 ,有助于研究底舱破损下不同阶段的油品泄漏时的各项参数及现象,为研究海上船 舶石油泄漏提供指导。最后设计制作了物理试验模型，进行了物理实验，对数值模拟 结果加以验证以及补充，同时，提出一些减少船舶液舱泄漏对海洋环境污染影响的措 施。

毕业论文关键词：底舱破损，油品泄漏，数值模拟，液舱模型，物理实验

Abstract Along with the rapid development of the global economy, increasing demand for energy, including oil becomes increasingly become an indispensable important resource, and transportation of petroleum is mainly by sea shipping。 However, in the process of transportation, ship may occur oil leakage because of various reasons。 When leakage accident has happened, it will be of great bad effects on the environment and economy。 So, in the event of such accidents, effective actions must be taken in time。 Starting an emergency plan in order to slow down the impact of the accident to the Marine environment to a minimum is necessary。 The accident of oil spill is sudden which is far away from control。 So in order to prevent and remedy such kind of accidents , it needs to study deeply on the oil spill from two aspects of "prevention" and "control" at the same time,    reducing the risk of oil spill and its comprehensive effects。

This article uses Ansys15。0 software to verify the feasibility of VOF method in calculating the leakage of two dimensional rigid tank。 This numerical simulation method was used to study after a collision of ship bottom broken hole in oil, gas and fluid flow 。 And the results are compared with the results in the literature。 It is proved that the numerical results can be used to simulate the details of the oil leakage。 And study in the oil leakage will also provide a beneficial supplement for the experimental research。 Physics experiments are also carried out to verify and add the numerical simulation results。 At the same time, the author puts forward some reduce ship tank leaked to the Marine environment pollution effect。

Key words: Damaged Bilge；The Process of Oil Spill; Numerical Simulation；Liquid Tank Model; Physical Experiment

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1 课题研究背景及意义 1

1。2 国内外研究现状 2

1。2。1 国外研究现状 2

1。2。2 国内研究现状 3

1。2。3 小结 4

1。3 本文主要工作 4

第二章 数学模型及数值解法 5

2。1 FLUENT 软件介绍及应用