黑豆豆芽异黄酮微波提取工艺研究
关键词：黑豆；豆芽；异黄酮；微波提取
Research on Technology of Microwave Extraction of Soybean Isoflavones from Black Bean Sprouts
Abstract：The research takes black beans as raw material, pre-treatment with certain conditions on the germination of bean processing. The effects of ratio of material to solvent ,ethanol concentration , microwave treatment time and microwave power on the extraction yield were investigated．On the basis of the single-factor experiments, the orthogonal experiment was used in the optimum technology of microwave extraction of soybean isoflavones from black bean sprouts. The results show that the order of the factors affecting bean sprouts isoflavone extraction yield: microwave power>ethanol concentration>ratio of material to solvent>microwave treatment time. The optimum conditions of extracting soybean isoflavones from black bean sprouts isoflavone were as follows: the ratio of material to solvent was 1:20, volume fraction of ethanol was 40%, the time of microwave treatment was 5 min, and microwave firepower was secondary fire.
Key words : Black bean; Sprouts; Isoflavones; Microwave extraction
目 录
摘 要 2
Abstract 3
引言 3
1 实验部分 4
1.1 实验所用材料、试剂及仪器 4
1.2 原料的处理 4
1.3 黑豆豆芽异黄酮的提取及含量测定 4
1.4 单因素试验 5
1.5 正交试验 6
2 结果与分析 6
2.1 单因素试验 6
2.2 正交试验优化结果 8
3 结论 9
参考文献 9
致 谢 11
黑豆豆芽异黄酮微波提取工艺研究
引言
黑豆又名黑小豆、马科豆、乌豆等，是豆科类的黑色种子[ ]。含有丰富的蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸等营养物质，并富含异黄酮、多糖、色素等活性物质。纯黑豆异黄酮是无色、有苦涩的晶状物质，易溶于有机溶液，难溶于水。异黄酮功效和利用潜力近年来得到欧美国家极大的关注，虽然大豆异黄酮效果很多，但据资料显示，自然界中异黄酮的资源十分有限，大豆是唯一含有异黄酮且含量在营养学上有意义的食物资源。异黄酮与人体健康密切相关，具有许多生理功能，如雌激素样作用、抗癌、防止心血管疾病、抗氧化活性、预防骨质疏松症、缓解更年期综合症,提高人体的免疫功能等[ ]。一般应用于食品、保健食品、医药、化妆品、饲料等方面，目前，我国具有丰富的黑豆资源，开发应用黑豆异黄酮具有丰富的原料。伴随着对黑豆异黄酮在食品、医药、化妆品及其他行业中的应用也将会越来越广泛[ ]。
本实验将黑豆在适宜条件下萌发一定时间，由于黑豆豆芽异黄酮分子有较强的极性，根据相似相溶的原理，选择乙醇-水混合液作为提取溶剂。利用紫外分光光度法，测定异黄酮含量。以异黄酮含量为指标，利用微波辅助法，通过单因素和L9(34)正交试验分析料液比、乙醇浓度、微波时间、微波功率对黑豆豆芽异黄酮提取率的影响，并优化筛选黑豆豆芽中异黄酮的微波提取工艺。
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