摘要粗差的探测与剔除这项研究在测量工作中占据着重要的地位，同样，在水准 数据处理中，顾及粗差的数据处理更是关键。粗差的出现使平差结果的可靠性受 到极大的干扰。因此，在本文中简述了粗差的来源，介绍了粗差的特点，并对现 代测量中探测粗差的现有方法进行了列举。因为有粗差的存在，所以解决观测值 中含有粗差这一问题的相应理论就得到了很大的发展。关于怎样能够运用合理并 且有效的方法减弱粗差带来的干扰，首先将这些方法简单归为两种类型:其一、 用以假设检验为基础对于粗差的检测，粗差的辨别以及粗差纠正的方法;其二、 数学领域中称为稳健估计，或称为抗差估计。70700

本文中利用现存的方法对实例进行计算与分析，说明增加了粗差的水准数据 的观测值处理后存在很大误差。当有粗差的存在时，可以使用抗差估计的选权迭 代算法削弱粗差的影响。并且证明了含有粗差的水准观测值利用合理的抗差估计 方法可以得到有效的成果。

该论文有图 3 幅，表 2 个，参考文献 31 篇。

毕业论文关键词:水准测量 粗差探测 数据处理 粗差 选权迭代法

To Measure The Level of Gross Error Data Processing Methods

Abstract The detection and elimination of gross errors in the measurement work occupies an important position, the same, in the standard data processing, taking into account the gross error of the data processing is the key. The appearance of gross error causes the reliability of adjustment to be greatly disturbed. Therefore, in this paper, a brief description of the source of the gross error, introduces the characteristics of the gross error, and the existing methods for the detection of gross errors in the modern survey are listed. Because of the existence of gross error, it is a great development to solve the problem of the observed value of the corresponding theory. On how to use reasonable and effective method of weakening gross errors caused by interference. First, these methods simply classified as two types: one, to test the hypothesis as the basis for detection of gross error and gross error discrimination and gross error correcting method; second, the field of mathematics known as robust estimation, or robust estimation.

In this paper, the existing methods are used to calculate and analyze  the examples, which shows that there is a great error in the observation of the gross error of the standard data. When there is gross error in the presence of,The  robust estimation algorithm can be used to weaken the influence of the gross error, and it is proved that the method can get the effective result by using the reasonable estimation method.

Key words：Leveling survey gross error detection data processing gross error method of selecting weight iteration

目录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

图清单 IV

表清单 IV

1 绪论 1

1.1 研究意义 1

1.2 国内外现状分析 2

1.3 技术路线图 5

2 水准数据处理的理论方法 6

2.1 不含粗差的水准数据的处理方法