摘 要：光学三维面形测量技术具有非接触、全场性、高精度等特点，已在工业检测、 航空航天、生物医学等领域得到广泛的应用。本论文针对发散照明光路测量系统中，正弦 光场被投射至参考平面时将产生光场畸变导致测量误差问题，提出预校正投影光栅模型的 方法。并对相移算法中相移量难以精确控制的问题，提出三步非定步相移法。为了实现快 速准确地三维面形测量，进一步提出基于校正光栅模型的复合光栅投影法。提出方法避免 了对系统参数的校正，降低了严格的相移条件，提高了测量速度且抗噪性比较好。仿真和 实验验证了方法的可行性。此外，本论文还对快速三维测量方法进行了应用设想，将此技 术与颜色识别相结合，构想出快速识别系统。74448

毕业论文关键词：光学三维测量，相位测量轮廓术，条纹畸变，相移法，复合光栅

Abstract ： With the advantages of non-contact, full-field and high accuracy, optical three-dimensional measurement technology has been widely applied in the fields of industrial inspection, aerospace, preservation of cultural relics, bio-medicine and so on。 For the problem that sinusoidal light field will be distorted when being projected to the reference plane in measurement  system  using traditional  pergence lighting,  which  will  result  in the measuring

errors, we propose a method of pre-correcting projecting grating。 Furthermore, considering that phase shift is hard to control exactly in algorithm, we propose a three-step phase-shifting method。 To measure three-dimensional objects quickly and correctly, a composite grating projecting method is proposed based on revising raster。 With the methods, the procedure of  system parameter calibrating can be avoided and the strictness of phase shift can be reduced, thus the measuring speed and noise immunity will be promoted。 Both simulation and experiment results can verify the feasibility of the proposed methods。 In addition, an application of fast three-dimensional method that combines the technology with color recognition  is proposed, which can be applied in fast recognition systems。

Keywords: optical three-dimensional measurement, phase measuring profilometry, fringe distortion, phase-shifting method, composite grating

目 录

1 前言 1

1。1 光学三维测量的研究背景 1

1。2 光学三维测量的方法 1

1。3 光学三维测量的国内外发展情况 1

1。4 相位测量轮廓术的应用以及未来发展趋向 2

2 校正光栅投影测量原理 2

2。1 光栅模型 3

2。2 测量原理 5

2。3 高度计算 6

2。4 本章小结 6

3 基于校正光栅投影的三步非定步相移法 6

3。1 测量原理 7

3。2 仿真实验 7

3。3