1.2 Previous Researches on Rootless Back Translation

Before Wang Hongyin put forward the concept of “rootless back translation”, some domestic scholars had paid attention to this special case of back translation. Liu Fang (2005) made an initial research into the back- translation problem in the translation of CAE literature. Besides, many other scholars have done related researches on this special back10 transla- tion, such as Wu Yangbo (2007), Wu Xiaoli (2007), Chen Yanmin (2009),and Yang Jing (2012). From the above, scholars pay more and more atten- tion to the study of this special phenomenon after 2005.The literature works that have been studied are principally the bicul- tural writers or CAE literature works or bilingual works, including: Woman Warrior (2010), Moment in Peking (2007, 2010, 2012), The Gay Genius (2012), The Wisdom of China and India (2009) , The Art of Living (2011), The Joy Club (2005, 2009, 2011), The Country and the People (2008, 2011) and so on. Among all these, the researches on The Joy Club and Lin Yutang’s works are popular. With regard to this particular back translation’smention, Wu Yangbo (2007)adopts “cultural reconstruction”：When those English literary works on “Chinese stories” are translated back into Chi- nese once again, it has a bearing on cultural reconstruction or cultural re- generation. In Shan Yajiao’s thesis, she uses “cultural back translation”. What is noteworthy is the title of Yang Jing (2012)’s dissertation On Back Translation of English Literary Works about Chinese Themes.

With respect to the study method employed, several translated ver- sions’ comparative research is ordinarily employed. And with regard to the theory applied, Hermeneutic, Peter Newmark’s cultural categories mode, the Relevance Theory, the Translators’ Subjectivity, the Skopos Theory, the Culture Perspective, the Intertextuality Theory, On Back translation, the Expectation Horizon by Professor Wang Zhengliang, Language Character Theory have been utilized in the analysis of this exceptional back transla- tion.

In the direction of analyzing this' back translation literature works, Wu Xiaoli (2007) analyzed the cultural translation principally in Moment's writing in Peking pursuant to Peter Newmark's categorization of culture, and referred to the novel's back translation; Moment was summed up by Wu Yangbo (2007) in Peking's writing techniques and the deviations in its back translation. Shan Yajiao (2010) went over the particular linguistic and cultural aspects of Moment's writing in Peking and the replication of lan- guage, culture and formation in the Chinese translation from the point of view of expectations' horizon. Yang Jing (2012) dealt with The Gay Genius' back translation and generalized its attributes from the position of Wang Zhengliang's Back Translation Theory. Their researches, nevertheless, have a quantity of limitations: their study materials are limited to Lin Yutang's literature works, and concentrate on the deviances in the back translation that translates these literature works as well as the cultural trans- lation chiefly in writing.

In summary, scholars have taken notice of translating and this especial writing. More researches are directed in "rootless back translation" and "foreign language creation" separately, while the study on "rootless back translation" and "foreign language creation" simultaneously are very few. Professor Wang Hongyin's three novel concepts help clear up the process of the translating and writing.