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On the Paradox in Hardy’s Jude the Obscure Abstract The works shows the conflicts between different people, people and the society, and people themselves. About the theme in the novel, it reveals issues of class, education, religion, and marriage in Victorian Age. This essay will mainly discuss the unique art of paradox in Hardy’s last novel Jude the Obscure. In fact, this paradox is the reflection of Hardy’s contradictory thoughts. The contradiction shows in Hardy’s infatuation and lament towards rural civilization, attachment and resistance to religion, pessimism and optimism to the society as well as traditional views and liberal humanism spirits. Living in the intersection of old civilization and modern civilization, Hardy himself experiences and also is deeply influenced by the great changes of the society. So paradox is part of his ideology. The paper will be pided into five parts: the first part will have a brief introduction. The second part will talk about the existing research of Jude the Obscure in the 30 years at home and abroad. The third part will analyze in details the embodiments of paradox in the novel. The forth part will show the influence of Hardy’s own experiences on the paradox in the novel. And the last part will have a conclusion. 47726
Key words：contradiction; paradox; tension;
论哈代小说《无名的裘德》中的悖论摘要这部作品反映了人与人，人与社会，人自身之间的矛盾冲突，向读者展现出维多利亚时期阶层，教育，宗教和婚姻等方方面面。本文旨在讨论哈代最后一部小说《无名的裘德》中所运用到的悖论技巧。事实上，这种悖论是哈代自身矛盾思想的反映。这种矛盾体现在哈代对乡土文明既留恋又哀叹，对宗教既眷恋又反叛，悲观主义和乐观主义并存，传统思想观念和自由人文主义精神兼具。生活在旧文明和新文明的交叉口，哈代亲身经历了社会的巨大变革，并深深地受其影响。所以悖论就是他意识形态的一部分。本文总共分成五个部分：第一部分将会对作品进行一个简略的介绍；第二部分将展示30年来国内外关于《无名的裘德》的研究现状；第三部分会分析悖论在小说中的具体表现；第四部分会探究哈代自身的经历对小说中悖论的影响；第五部分对全文观点进行总结。
毕业论文关键词：矛盾；悖论；冲突；
Contents
1. Introduction 1
2. The Literature Review 2
2.1 General Statement ……...2
2.2 Researches Abroad ……...2
2.3 Researches at Home ……...2
3. The Embodiments of Paradox in the Novel ……...4
3.1 The Paradox in Natural Society ...……4
3.1.1 The Beauty and Simplicity of Wessex ...4
3.1.2 The Decay and Ugliness of Wessex ...4
3.2 The Paradox in Self Ideology ……...5
3.2.1 The Dual Natures of Jude---a Saint and a Sinner 5
3.2.2 The Paradox of Female Consciousness of Sue ---New and Traditional 5
3.3 The Paradox in Marriage Value ……...6
3.3.1 The Sarcasm of Religious Marriage and the Approval of Free Marriage 6
3.3.2 The Opposition of Free Marriage and the Return to Religious Marriage 7
4. The Influence of Hardy’s Own Experiences on the Paradox