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3.2.2 Systematicity
The operation of conceptual metaphor is governed by a coherent and integrated system, "Because the metaphorical concept is systematic, the language we use to talk about that aspect of concept is systematic (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980: 7)". To be more exact, there is a coherent system of metaphorical expressions that are derived from a conceptual metaphor. Observations prove that the appearance of one thing will probably remind us of another thing, because human knowledge of one object is systematic. For instance, on mentioning the word "plant", we will sub-consciously think of the subcategories and different parts of a plant. Further on, we have concrete knowledge related to plant, such as the branches, the root, and the leaves, etc. Mapped onto the economic discourse, this relationship is infinite and interrelated.
3.2.3 Cultural Coherence
The most fundamental values in a culture will be coherent with the metaphorical structure of the most fundamental concepts in the culture (Lakofff and Johnson, 1980: 22). Lakoff (1993: 245) stated "Metaphorical mappings vary in universality; some seem to be universal, others are widespread, and some seem to be culture-specific". It is generally accepted that the metaphorical expressions mainly reflect the culture values in which they are developed. Metaphorical expression is deeply embedded in the culture.
Conceptual metaphor is built on the basis of the experience, the language as well as the environment. It is bound to possess the feature of the culture it emerges from. Therefore, it is not unusual to find that the metaphors are culture-specific. The analysis of the features of conceptual metaphor will help us understand the nature and application of metaphor in A Dream of Red Mansions.
4 A Comparative Study of the Two English Versions of A Dream of Red Mansions
4.1 Translation of RED Metaphor