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摘 要随着国际交流的不断发展，中西方之间的差异日趋明显。在双方的互动交流中，两种文化互相渗透但又各不相同。餐具作为文化中重要的一部分，即被文化所影响，同时也反映出了中西方文化的不同。筷子和刀叉是最具东西方饮食文化代表性的两种餐具，因此，比较了解这两种餐具的外在差异和文化内涵，对于更好地进行国际交流具有重要的现实意义。本文从起源，造型设计和使用规则这三个方面出发，对筷子和刀叉做出系统的比较研究。在此基础上，对两者各自体现的不同东西方文化差异进行深层次地探讨，并寻找其融合点。8913
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关键词: 餐具；起源；造型设计；使用规则；中西文化
Abstract With the development of international communication, the differences between China and West become more and more obvious. In the interaction between the two sides, these two cultures related to each other but not the same. Tableware, as an important part of culture, is affected by culture; meanwhile, it reflects the differences among different cultures. Chopsticks and knives and forks are the two tableware best reflecting eastern and western dietary cultures, therefore, a systematical study on both external and internal differences of them have great influence on better international exchanges. This article aims to have a comparative research on chopsticks and knives and forks in terms of the origins, designs and rules for using, based on which, a deep analysis will be made on the cultural differences between the east and west.
Key words: tableware; origins; designs; rules for using; China and Western culture
A Contrastive Analysis of Chinese and Western Tableware Culture: Taking Chopsticks and Knives and Forks
Contents
摘 要 i
Abstract ii
I. Introduction 1
II. Different Cultures and Different Origins 2
2.1 The Origin of Chopsticks as the Representative of Eastern Tableware 2
2.2 The Origins of Knives and Forks as the Representative of Western Tableware 4
2.3 The Interaction Between Origins and Cultures 4
III. The Influences of Diverse Cultural Elements on the Designs 6
3.1 The Influences of Geographical Environments 6
3.2 The Influences of Traditional and Historical Elements 8
3.3 The Influences of Diverse Modern Cultures 9
IV. The Using Rules and Taboos 11
4.1 The Rules and Taboos for Using Chopsticks 11
4.2 The Rules and Taboos for Using Knives and Forks 12
V. Conclusion 13
Bibliorgraphy 15
Acknowledgements 16 as an Example
I. Introduction
Due to the trend of globalization and modernization, the whole world has witnessed enormous development in its economy as well as cultures during the past decades, and in turn, people’s financial conditions have been accordingly raised. To practice the international exchanges successfully, it is a necessity to better understand perse cultures, for example, dietary culture, which, as a medium, plays a significant role in international communications.
As to the thesis of dietary culture, existing researches mostly focus on food and cuisines, culinary methods, table manners, and so on, while less attention is paid to the research of tableware, which, however, in most cases, may determine the outcomes of international communications. Chopsticks and knives and forks, as the two kinds of tableware best representing the eastern and western dietary cultures, deserve deeper comparison and discussion. The chopsticks culture belongs to the culture of giving prominence to human relations, land agriculture and rule by integrity. The knife and fork culture is the culture of advocating democracy, the sea and business, human rights and freedom. Many educators have done a lot of researches concerning the two kinds of tableware from the aspects of origins, external designs, using rules and so on, and also have put forward some ideas and opinions. Nevertheless, most opinions are lacking in evidences and thus require deeper analysis to identify their truthfulness. In addition, the information collected by previous researchers is not systematically organized and summarized, and furthermore, few existing research papers focus on the analysis of perse cultural influences on the two different kinds of tableware. Consequently, a further study will be made to complement these deficiencies.