摘 要哈代是19世纪英国文学史上著名的小说家和诗人，他关注穷人的生活和社会的黑暗。哈代的宿命论主要表现在他《德伯家的苔丝》和《无名的裘德》两部作品中。这篇文章主要运用文献法和比较法分析了小说中人物的悲剧原因，研究了哈代的宿命论形成的背景：生活阅历，社会影响，哲学和达尔文的生物进化论，以及宿命论在社会和文学上的影响。本研究能够使大家更好的了解哈代的宿命论观点。79327

毕业论文关键词：哈代;宿命论;裘德;苔丝

Abstract Thomas hardy is known as a novelist and a poet in 19 centuries of the English literature。 He pays attention to how hard of the poor’s life and how evil of the society。 Hardy’s fatalism expressed in many of his works, such as Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure。 This paper mainly uses literature method and comparative method to analyze the reason of the character’s tragedy。 This paper researches the background of Hardy’s fatalism: life experience, social influence, philosophy and Darwin’s biological theory of evolution。 It also studies the influence of fatalism in the social and literature。 The author hopes that we can understand Hardy’s fatalism through this paper better。

Key words: Hardy; fatalism; Jude; Tess

The View of Fatalism in Hardy’s Works

Contents

摘 要 i

Abstract ii

I。 Introduction 1

II。The Background of the Formation of Hardy’s Fatalism 3

2。1 His Life Experience 3

2。2 Social Influences 4

2。3 Philosophy and Darwinism 5

III。 Hardy’s Fatalism Embodiment in His Works 6

3。1 Tess of the D'Urbervilles 6

3。2 Jude the Obscure 8

IV。 Influence of Hardy’s Fatalism 10

4。1 Influence on Society 10

4。2 Influence on Literature 12

V。 Conclusion 13

Bibliography 15

Acknowledgements 16

I。 Introduction 

Thomas Hardy is a great novelist in the English literature。 He is not only an excellent writer and the last realistic novelist in the 19th, but also a representative writer and a poet in the Victorian Age。 Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1928。 Hardy was born in a small village in a town which named Dorset in the southwest of the England。 Dorset is a beautiful piece of quiet, quaint lonely rural land and it has the traditional customs and the rich, colorful culture。 Hardy loves his hometown very much and develops his own passion for nature。 Hardy is nurtured by living in a rural environment, his creative life is closely linked with Dorset。 The different culture of his hometown provides a lot of materials for his writing, so Hardy’s novels reflect many of the traditional culture。 Hardy is an excellent child。 When he was eight he was sent to the informal school to accept early education。 And he studied very hard and learned different languages, which provides the language foundation for his writing。 Hardy served as president of the Association of the British Writer in the June of the 1909 and also made a great contribution to the England literature。 

Hardy wrote eight sets poems including nine hundred and eighteen poets in which more than one hundred poems mourn his wife。 The way of Hardy’s career is not easy because no one wanted to publish his poems。 Then Hardy turned to write novels to make his dream come true。 And he succeeded! He spent all his life writing 20 full-length novels。 From the first novel, The Desperate Remedies to the fourth novel Far from the Madding Crowd which were published in 1874, he became a famous novelist, and he was also hired as superintendent in Creek Latin Dorchester Training School。 He wrote a lot of works to express the great changes in economy and the revolution of the politic。 At the end of Hardy’s writing life, the last two novels became controversial in the community and they are Tess of the D’Urbervilles and Jude the Obscure, fatalism is especially expressed in his two novels。 文献综述