摘要四旋翼无人直升机是一种外型新颖、结构简单的无人机,具有一定的军事和民用价值。针对四旋翼无人直升机的独特性能,重点研究了其数学建模以及飞行控制律的设计问题。
分析了四旋翼无人直升机的特点和飞行运动方式,建立了其六自由度动力学模型,并详细分析了其动力学特性。其次,应用经典控制方法设计了四旋翼无人直升机的飞行控制律。
姿态控制是飞行控制的核心问题,四旋翼无人直升机的结构特殊性决定了其控制器设计的特殊性:四旋翼无人直升机通过四个螺旋桨的控制实现对六个被控量的控制,是一个欠驱动系统。本文建立了四旋翼无人机的动力学数学模型,设计了PID控制器进行姿态控制。仿真和实际系统控制结果表明,该PID控制器可以得到较好的姿态控制效果,验证了控制系统设计的有效性。64375
毕业论文关键词:四旋翼无人直升机 动力学模型 控制器 PID
毕业设计说明书(论文)外文摘要
Abstract Quad-rotor unmanned helicopter is an excellent, novel and simple structure unmanned helicopter (UMH) for both military and civilian usages. This paper concentrates on its characteristics, mainly researches the problems on mathematical modeling and flight control law. This article attempts to use Dynamic Inversion (DI) and Variable Structure Control (VSC) method to design a flight control law for Quad-rotor unmanned helicopter.
Characteristics and motions of Quad-rotor unmanned helicopter are analyzed. The 6-DOF nonlinear dynamic model is given; its dynamic characteristics are discussed in detail. Then, the classical control method is used to design a flight control law for Quad-rotor unmanned helicopter.
The attitude control is the core question of flight control, unmanned four rotor helicopter structure specificity decides the specificity of the controller: unmanned four rotor helicopter has four propellers, may output four upward thrust forces, but have six control
aims. The control system department needs simultaneously control four rotor's thrust forces to achieve the flight plan. This paper has built system's model and designed the PID controller control the attitude. From the results of actual system and simulation we have got a acceptable control effect, it verified the validity of the control system design.
Key Words: Unmanned four rotor helicopter, Dynamic model, controller, PID
1 绪论1
1.1 课题研究背景-1
1.3 课题研究内容和方法-3
2 四旋翼无人直升机的数学模型5
2.1 四旋翼无人直升机的结构配置及特点分析-5
2.2 四旋翼无人机的飞行及姿态变换方法-6
2.3 四旋翼无人直升机的动力学方程-9
2.4 四旋翼无人直升机六自由度全面运动方程式的简化处理-15
2.5 四旋翼无人直升机数学模型的线性化-16
3 四旋翼无人直升机的控制律设计19
3.1 四旋翼无人直升机飞控系统基本原理概述-19
3.2 四旋翼直升机的姿态控制结构-21
4 四旋翼无人直升机仿真分析23
4.1 仿真平台的构建-23
4.2 四旋翼无人直升机的仿真模型分析-24
总结-28
致谢-39
参考文献-30
1 绪论
1.1 课题研究背景
无人驾驶直升机( 以下称无人直升机) 是指由无线电地面遥控飞行或自主控制飞行的可垂直起降( VTOL) 的不载人飞行器,在构造形式上属于旋翼飞行器[6]。 在功能上属于垂直起降飞行器。无人直升机具有垂直起降、空中悬停、前后左右飞行的能力,可以完成固定翼无人机所不能完成的任务,是国内外重点研究与研制的航空项目之一[3]。论文网