摘要随着我国经济的快速发展，高楼层建筑已然成了城市的重要标志，然而在人 口高度集中的高层建筑中，火灾的发生概率也十分大。加上现代建筑封闭性普遍 较强，一旦有火灾发生，整栋大楼就会处于封闭状态，使大火很难扑灭。因此， 消防安全对于智能建筑的环境能够安全舒适的起到了相当重要的作用，而火灾自 动报警系统对于保障公众的人身和财产安全是必不可少的。它可以让人们提前发 现火灾的发生并对灾情进行有效的控制。本课题设计的室内火灾自动报警系统是 通过单片机控制的，它包好了感烟型的和感温型的探测器，可以对监测区域的烟 雾浓度和温度的异常变化进行报警。当发生火灾的时候，系统会发出声光报警信 号 ,如果火灾报警 10s 后不解除，则控制启动灭火装置。报警器中包含了信号采 集电路，模数转换电路以及单片机控制电路等。采集电路一般由传感器和模拟放 大电路组成，将采集的烟雾和温度信号转换成模拟电路的电信号，模数转换电路 将转换后的电信号转换成单片机的数字信号送入单片机，单片机对此数字信号进 行分析处理然后参考相应的标准得出结果，并且触发相应的信号，如果超标，则 会触发报警信号。79989

毕业论文关键词：火灾报警；单片机；感烟传感器；感温传感器

Abstract With the rapid development of Chinese economy，high rise building has become an important symbol of the city 。However, in the high concentration of population, the occurrence probability of fire is also very large。 In addition,because of the modern buildings are generally closed ,once there is a fire,the whole building will be closed,it is difficult to put out the fire。So, to create a safe and comfortable environment in the intelligent building, fire safety is one of the important aspects。 It allows people to discover the occurrence of fire in advance and to control the disaster effectively。 This paper is main to design a single chip microcomputer control of indoor fire alarm controller,by use of smoke sensor and temperature sensor,this controller can alarm the indoor smoke and the temperature change。When there is a fire going,the system can produce sound, light alarm signal。If the 10s is not released after the fire alarm, then control the start of the fire extinguishing device。The alarm includes signal acquisition circuit, analog digital conversion circuit and single chip microcomputer control circuit。The acquisition circuit is composed of sensor and analog amplifier circuit。Electrical signals of the collected smoke and temperature signals are converted into analog circuits,and than the analog digital conversion circuit will converts the converted electrical signal into a single chip microcomputer。Single chip digital signal processing and then refer to the corresponding standard results,and trigger the corresponding signal。If it exceed the standard, it will trigger the alarm signal。

key words:fire alarm; singlechip; smoke sensor; temperature sensor

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1。1  研究背景及意义 1

1。2  课题研究现状以及发展趋势 1

1。3  本文主要研究的内容 2

第二章 设计方案 3

2。1  火灾发生过程及产生的报警物质 3

2。2  火灾报警系统主要器件 3

2。2。1  主要器件 4

2。2。2  感烟火灾探测器 4

2。2。3  感温火灾探测器