摘  要本文选用了热力学相容的PVDF/PMMA共混体系，通过调节PMMA的分子量以及共混物的结晶条件，而后选择性刻蚀PMMA相，获得PVDF多孔材料。采用示差扫描量热仪（DSC）和相差偏光显微镜（PLM）检测了共混物的相容性及热力学行为，并利用小角X射线散射（SAXS）分析了共混物片晶层间结构。通过选择性刻蚀共混物中的PMMA相后，利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察了薄膜断面的形貌。结果表明，PVDF结晶过程中，结晶温度以及PMMA分子量的大小对其结晶速率有显著的影响，结晶速率随结晶温度下降的而上升，随PMMA分子量的下降而上升，共混物的长周期随结晶温度的上升而增大，当结晶温度为150°C，PMMA的Mw=15000时，经过刻蚀后可获得孔径及孔分布较均匀的PVDF多孔材料。这种调节PMMA分子量及共混物结晶条件的手段为制备多孔材料提供了一种新的思路。89852

毕业论文关键词：聚偏氟乙烯；多孔材料；结晶；小角X射线散射；

Abstract In this paper, polyvinylidene fluoride（PVDF）/polymethyl methacrylate（PMMA）blends are typical melt-miscible binary systems。 By adjusting the molecular weight of the PMMA and the crystallization conditions of the blends, porous PVDF materials have been successfully obtained after extracting the amorphous PMMA phase。 The compatibility and thermodynamic behavior of the blends were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarizing microscope (PLM)。 The lamellar structure of the blends was analyzed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)。 The fracture surface of the film was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after extracting the continuous PMMA。 The results showed that, the molecular weight of PMMA and the crystallization temperature has a significant effect on the rate of crystallization, with the decrease of molecular weight of the PMMA and the crystallization temperature, the rate of crystallization increases。 In addition, long spacing of the blends increases when the crystallization temperature rises。 When the crystallization temperature is 150 °C and the Mw of PMMA is 15000, the pore size and the distribution of the pore can be uniform after etching。 This strategy of adjusting the molecular weight of PMMA and the crystallization condition of the blends provides a new idea for the preparation of porous materials。

Keywords：Polyvinylidene fluoride; crystallization; porous material; SAXS;

目  录

摘  要 I

Abstract II

目  录 III

1。引言 1

1。1 多孔材料概述 1

1。2 聚合物多孔材料的制备方法 1

1。2。1 硬模板法 2

1。2。2 软模板法 3

1。3 本文研究思路 5

2．实验部分 6

2。1 主要原料与试剂 6

2。2 主要仪器 6

2。3 样品制备 6

2。4 样品测试与表征 7

3．结果与讨论 8

3。1 结晶形态表征： 8

3。2 结晶与熔融行为的表征： 8

3。3 孔形貌表征 10

3。4 片晶结构测定 12

4．总结