摘要:因各种原因而导致的锌离子污染已经开始对人类活动造成了相当大的危害，吸附法是目前处理废水中的锌离子污染最有效的方法之一。所以吸附剂的选择是研究的重点。有着特殊结构和优越性能的石墨烯，在吸附方面具有广阔的应用前景，它有着高达2000多平方米/克的比表面积和稳定的性质。

本文通过Hummers方法制备氧化石墨烯，化学还原法制取石墨烯。并通过拉曼光谱、X射线衍射仪等手段对其进行表征。发现氧化石墨烯在10°左右出现衍射峰，说明石墨片层之间的化学键遭到破坏，石墨烯的衍射峰在24°左右，且衍射强度变小，说明石墨片层之间的距离变大。但通过本次实验制备的石墨烯是，氧化石墨烯还原的并不完全。然后还进行了石墨烯对锌离子吸附的相关实验，并得到了吸附平衡曲线，最终结果为在20mg/L的锌离子浓度时，10mg的石墨烯对锌离子的去除率达到了55%，并且达到吸附平衡所用的时间很短。石墨烯吸附机理符合准二级动力方程，说明石墨烯的吸附结合位点是有限的，长时间反应会产生吸附饱和现象。通过我们对石墨烯吸附性能的研究，我认为，石墨烯在去除锌离子领域有着巨大的潜力和十分广阔的发展空间。

关键词：锌污染吸附法石墨烯Hummers法

Abstract:Zinc pollution caused by various reasons already begun to cause considerable harm to human activity, adsorption of zinc pollution is currently one of the most effective waste-water treatment method. So the choice of adsorbent is the focus of the study. Graphene with special structure and superior performance has a wide application prospect in terms of adsorption, and it has a high specific surface area and stable properties of up to 2000 square meters / g.

In this paper, graphene oxide was prepared by Hummers method, and graphene was prepared by chemical reduction method. And characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer and so on. We found that graphene oxide diffraction peak at about 10°, it shows that the chemical bond between the graphite sheets is destroyed， The diffraction peak of the graphene is about 24° ， and the diffraction intensity becomes smaller .It shows that the distance between the graphite sheets becomes larger. But graphene prepared by this experiment is that graphene oxide is not completely reduced. Then, the adsorption experiments on the adsorption of zinc ions by graphene were carried out, and the adsorption equilibrium curve was obtained. Finally, the removal rate of zinc ions was 55% for 10 mg of graphene at 20 mg / L zinc ion concentration, and The time taken to reach the adsorption equilibrium is very short.    We found that graphene oxide diffraction peak at about 10°, it shows that   the

chemical bond between the graphite sheets is destroyed，The diffraction peak of   the graphene is about 24°，and the diffraction intensity becomes smaller. It shows that the distance between the graphite sheets becomes larger. But graphene prepared by this experiment is that graphene oxide is not completely reduced. Through our study on the adsorption properties of graphene, I think that graphene has great potential and a very broad space for development in the field of removal of zinc ions .

Keywords: Zinc pollution Adsorption method Graphene Hummers method

目录

第一章绪论 1

1.1重金属污染简介和危害 1

1.2锌污染来源及现状 2

1.3 重金属水污染的治理方法 3

1.3.1化学沉淀法