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摘要本文采用含异氰脲酸酯结构的多元醇制备了高耐热的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料，采用添加型有机磷阻燃剂对其进行阻燃处理，并借助氧指数仪、热重分析仪、动态力学分析仪、万能试验机以及扫描电镜等现代分析手段，系统的研究了阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的耐热性能、阻燃性能、动态力学性能、力学性能及燃烧后表面炭层形貌等综合性能。35025
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采用DMMP对改性的聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料与未改性的苯酐聚酯硬泡进行阻燃处理，结果表明DMMP添加量为25%时，阻燃聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料的氧指数可达31.5%，比未经阻燃处理时提高9.5%，极大地改善了聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料的阻燃性。添加阻燃剂后，阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的起始分解温度均有所降低，其中纯聚氨酯硬泡的起始分解温度为265℃，而添加10%DMMP的泡沫起始分解温度为184℃，添加20%DMMP的泡沫起始分解温度降至174℃，极大地改善了聚异氰脲酸酯泡沫塑料的耐热性。此外，聚氨酯硬泡的玻璃化转变温度与力学强度均随阻燃剂添加量的增加而下降。
毕业论文关键词：聚氨酯硬泡；阻燃性；聚异氰脲酸酯；耐热性
Abstract
In this paper, the polyisocyanurate foams with excellent thermal stability were prepared by the polyol containing isocyanurate structure, and was modified the flame retardancy by the additive flame retardant The related researches including the oxygen index apparatus, thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanical analysis, universal material testing machine and scanning electron microscope have been carried on by analyzing the flame retardants which affect the thermal stability, flame retardancy, dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of char-layer.
The polyisocyanurate foams and the polyurethane foams were modified by DMMP, and the results showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased with an increase in the flame retardant content to 31.5%, increased approximately 9.5% than the PIRF without flame retardant, which illustrated DMMP can tremendously modify the flame retardancy of PIRFs. The initial decomposition temperature was decreased with the increase of flame retardant, it was 265℃ of polyisocyanurate foam without DMMP, and it was 184℃ with 10% DMMP, 174℃ with 20% DMMP, which greatly improved the thermal stability of the polyisocyanurate foam. In addition, the glass transition temperature and the mechanical strength of the polyurethane foams decreased with the addition amount of the flame retardant.
Keywords: rigid polyurethane foam; flame retardancy; polyisocyanurate; thermal stability
目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 聚氨酯泡沫简介 1
1.2.1 聚氨酯硬泡的原料 2
1.2.2 聚氨酯硬泡的燃烧过程 2
1.2.3 聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃机理 2
1.3 聚氨酯泡沫阻燃方法的研究背景、及研究进展 3
1.3.1 研究背景 3
1.3.2 研究进展 3
1.4 添加型阻燃剂的研究进展 4
1.4.1 有机添加型阻燃剂 4
1.4.2 无机添加型阻燃剂 5
1.4.3 膨胀型阻燃剂 5
1.5 添加型有机磷阻燃剂 6
1.5.1有机磷阻燃剂的阻燃机理 6
1.5.2 有机磷阻燃剂对聚氨酯硬泡性能的影响 6
1.5.3有机磷阻燃剂的应用 7
1.8 课题的研究目的与意义 9
1.8.1 研究目的 9
1.8.2 研究意义 9
2实验部分 10
2.1 实验原料 10
2.2 实验设备 10
2.3 聚氨酯硬泡的制备 11