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abstract Several conflicting criteria exist in building design optimization, especially energy consumption andindoor environment thermal performance. This paper presents a novel multi-objective optimizationmodel that can assist designers in green building design. The Pareto solution was used to obtain a set ofoptimal solutions for building design optimization, and uses an improved multi-objective genetic algo-rithm (NSGA-II) as a theoretical basis for building design multi-objective optimization model. Based onthe simulation data on energy consumption and indoor thermal comfort, the study also used a simulation-based improved back-propagation (BP) network which is optimized by a genetic algorithm (GA) tocharacterize building behavior, and then establishes a GA–BP network model for rapidly predicting theenergy consumption and indoor thermal comfort status of residential buildings; Third, the building designmulti-objective optimization model was established by using the GA–BP network as a fitness functionof the multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II); Finally, a case study is presented with the aid of themulti-objective approach in which dozens of potential designs are revealed for a typical building designin China, with a wide range of trade-offs between thermal comfort and energy consumption.32482
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1. IntroductionIn order to obtain a better building performance, three fac-tors need to be taken into consideration, including architecturalbuilding design, system and occupants, which also contribute to anenergy efficient building. As an iterative process, building designoften requires the design team to re-think about the fundamentalaspects of the design. If the design of building is greatly optimized,it will become the first critical step to reduce the system capacity,which is correspondingly one of the most important characteristicto minimize the need for services. Although architectural designis an important aspect in building performance, it is not easy totackle because of the complexity and persity of the process. In thearchitectural strategic design, the site considers building form, ven-tilation strategy, day lighting strategy and services strategy which will influence the design effect independently or mutually. Thus,some useful tools can be used to assist optimal architectural design,such as lighting and thermal (LT) method.Energy consumption and indoor environment are very funda-mental and conflicting criteria in building design. In general, inorder for the indoor environment to meet human thermal com-fort as much as possible, this will ultimately lead to the increasein building energy consumption. However, the two factors need tobe incorporated in the decision-making process in building design.Therefore, the building design is a multi-objective optimizationproblem [1].In addition, the different stages of sustainable building designhave different impact on building performance. As a result, the earlydesign stages of project planning in the whole building design can-not be ignored, and any minor mistakes are likely to be amplifiedin the later process [2,3]. Generally, the design process includesthe conceptual design stage, the preliminary design stage and thedetailed design stage. Hence, the important parameters that affectthe building performance are mainly considered in the conceptualdesign stage, including the shape, the orientation, the window-to-wall ratio (WWR), the interior space layout, etc. In traditionalbuilding design process, the conceptual design stage is often overlooked because it is difficult to make quantitative data analy-sis of an incomplete construction planning.
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