对木桥的负载和阻力系数的校准英文文献和中文翻译(8)

菜单

Pezo.R.F.,Marshek.K.M.和Hudson.W.R.（1989年）。 “对于固特异径向为18-22.5、米其林径向为275/80R / 24.5、米其林径向为255/70R / 22.5、固特异径向为11R24.5的轮胎，这些卡车轮胎的接触压力的分布特性”，德克萨斯州奥斯汀市得克萨斯大学的交通研究中心的研究报告No.FHWA/TX-90+1190-2F；

Ritter.M.（1990年）。 “木桥、设计、施工、检测和维修”，美国农业部森林服务实验室的报告，Madison, Wis；

Ritter.M.A.,Wacker.J.P.和Tice.E.D.（1995年）。 “木桥的实际特性：2.库柏溪大桥层压压力板”，美国农业部森林产品实验室的研究论文FPL-RP-536，Madison, Wis；

Sebaaly.P.E.（1992年）。 “路面的破损与轮胎,压力、轴载荷及配置有关”， J.J.Henry和J.C.Wambold编辑，车辆、轮胎、路面接触面、ASTM STP1164, 美国检测和材料协会出版，Philadelphia, 54–68；

Sexsmith.R.G.,Boyle,P.D.,Rovner,B.和Abbott,R.A.（1979年）。 “在垂直地层压、后张拉的桥面板上的荷载分配”，加拿大温哥华市西部森林产品实验室6号技术报告；

Stankiewicz.P.R.和Nowak,A.S.（1997年）。 “木板材面板的材料测试”，美国密歇根大学的美国森林服务实验室的UMCEE 97-10号报告；

Wacker.J.P.和Ritter.M.A.（1995年）。 “木桥的实际特性：格拉夫交叉应力层甲板桥”，美国农业部森林产品实验室的FPL-RP-539号研究论文，Madison, Wis；

Wacker.J.P.和Ritter.M.A.（1992年）。 “木桥的实际特性：1.梯尔河层压力甲板桥”，美国农业部森林产品实验室的FPL-RP-515号研究论文，Madison, Wis。

外文原文：

Load and Resistance Factor Calibration For Wood Bridges

Abstract: The paper presents the calibration procedure and background data for the development of design code provisions for wood bridges. The structural types considered include sawn lumber stringers, glued-laminated girders, and various wood deck types. Load and resistance parameters are treated as random variables, and therefore, the structural performance is measured in terms of the reliability index. The statistical parameters of dead load and live trafﬁc load, are based on the results of previous studies. Material resistance is taken from the available test data, which includes consideration of the post-elastic response. The resistance of components and structural systems is based on the available experimental data and ﬁnite element analysis results. Statistical parameters of resistance are computed for deck and girder subsystems as well as inpidual components. The reliability analysis was performed for wood bridges designed according to the AASHTO Standard Speciﬁcations and a signiﬁcant variation in reliability indices was observed. The recommended load and resistance factors are provided that result in consistent levels of reliability at the target levels.

CE Database subject headings: Bridges, wooden; Calibration; Load and Resistance Factor; Design; Bridge decks.

Introduction

In 1993 AASHTO adopted a new load and resistance factor design （LRFD） code for highway bridges. The new code provides a rational basis for the design of steel and concrete structures.Although wood bridge design was also included in LRFD format,the calibration was not carried out for these structures （Nowak 1995, 1999）. Therefore, there was a concern about the consistency of the reliability level for wood structures.

Previous studies showed that the reliability index for wood bridge components can be signiﬁcantly different than for steel or concrete structures （Nowak 1991）. The degree of variation for wood properties varies depending on dimensions, load duration,moisture content, and other parameters. In case of wood bridges,it is important to consider the structural system or subsystem as well as inpidual elements/components.