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摘要：采用三聚氰胺、磷酸(多聚磷酸)为原料经反应生成磷酸三聚氰胺盐（PM）及聚磷酸三聚氰胺盐 （PPM） 后， 继续添加硼酸(硼砂)反应生成磷酸三聚氰胺硼酸 （硼砂） 盐 （PMB、PMBNa）及聚磷酸三聚氰胺硼酸（硼砂）盐（PPMB、PPMBNa），用傅立叶红外表征、热重分析（TGA）、氧指数、力学性能测试对其进行了分析和表征，并研究其阻燃性能。对于材料的选择、各成分的用量和制备进行了研究。结果表明，PM 及 PPM 的最佳合成条件为 n(H3PO4):n(C3H6N6) = 2:1及 n(H5P4O13):n(C3H6N6) = 4:1；PMB与 PMBNa 的最佳合成条件为n(PM):n(H3BO3) = 1:1.5及 n(PM):n(Na2B4O7) = 1:0.1；PPMB与 PPMBNa 的最佳合成条件为 n(PPM):n(H3BO3) =1:3及 n(PM):n(Na2B4O7)=1:1。氧指数测试中，PPMBNa的氧指数比其他产物较高。 在力学性能测试中， 阻燃剂的添加降低了聚丙烯的抗拉伸强度。 35967
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毕业论文键词：三聚氰胺；磷酸（多聚磷酸）；硼酸（硼砂）；氮磷硼阻燃剂；氧指数
Synthesis and Characterization of a New Type of Flame Retardants Containing Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Boron Elements
Abstract: Using melamine and phosphoric acid, poly phosphoric acid, boric acid and borax as reagents to form phosphoric melamine and poly phosphoric melamine , then continue to add boric acid (borax) to form a melamine phosphate acid (borax) (PMB, PMBNa) and melamine polyphosphate boric acid (borax) (PPMB, PPMBNa),the structure and performance of product was characterized by IR、TGA 、DSC and oxygen index, and discuss its Flame retardant . For the choice of materials, the amount of each ingredient and the preparation were studied. The results show that the optimum conditions for PM and PPM was n (H3PO4): n (C3H6N6) = 2: 1 and n (H5P4O13): n (C3H6N6) = 4: 1; the optimum conditions for PMB and PMBNa was n (PM): n (H3BO3) = 1: 1.5 and n (PM): n (Na2B4O7) = 1: 0.1; the optimum conditions for PPMB and PPMBNa of n (PPM): n ((H3BO3) = 1: 3 and n (PM): n (Na2B4O7) = 1: 1. By oxygen index test, oxygen index of PPMBNa is higher than other products. In the mechanical test, adding the flame retardant reduces the tensile strength of polypropylene.
Key words：Melamine; phosphoric acid (poly phosphoric acid)；boric acid (borax); Flame retardants containing nitrogen, Phosphorus and boron Elements；Oxygen index
目录
1绪论.1
1.1本论文研究意义.1
1.2国内外研究现状分析.2
1.2.1氮系阻燃剂.2
1.2.2硼系阻燃剂.2
1.2.3磷阻燃剂.2
1.2.4氮-磷协同3
1.2.5磷-卤协同作用3
1.2.6磷-硅协同4
1.2.7氮磷硼复合膨胀型阻燃剂.4
1.3本论文研究的内容.4
2实验部分.6
2.1实验试剂.6
2.2实验仪器.6
2.3阻燃剂的制备.7
2.3.1实验装置7
2.3.2样品的合成.7
2.4样品表征.7
2.3.1热重（TGA）分析.7
2.3.2傅立叶红外（FT-IR）表征.7
2.3.3氧指数表征.7
2.3.4力学性能表征.8
3磷酸三聚氰胺硼酸（硼砂）盐的合成及表征.9
3.1阻燃剂材料的制备9
3.1.1磷酸三聚氰胺的合成9
3.1.2制备磷酸三聚氰胺硼酸（硼砂）盐的步骤10
3.2阻燃剂材料的表征11
3.2.1热重（TGA）分析.11
3.2.2傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）分析.15
3.3氧指数及力学性能的测定18
3.4结果与讨论19
4聚磷酸三聚氰胺硼酸（硼砂）盐的合成及表征.21
4.1阻燃剂材料的制备21
4.1.1制备聚磷酸三聚氰胺的步骤21
4.1.2制备聚磷酸三聚氰胺硼酸（硼砂）盐的步骤21
4.2阻燃剂材料的表征22
4.2.1热重（TGA）分析.22
4.2.2傅立叶红外（FT-IR）表征26
4.3氧指数及力学性能的测定28
4.4小结30
5结论与展望.31
5.1结论.31
5.2展望.31
致谢.32
参考文献.33