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摘要： 本文主要研究了一种有机阻燃剂——季戊四醇双磷酸蜜胺盐和季戊四醇多聚磷酸蜜胺盐与几种无机物复合后，得到的复合阻燃剂的表征和阻燃性能。首先，由不同比例的季戊四醇、三聚氰胺和磷酸（或聚磷酸），反应生成的产物进行表征，从中，各选择一组表征性能较好的n（磷酸） ：n（季戊四醇） ：n（三聚氰胺）=2:1:1 反应生成的季戊四醇双磷酸蜜胺盐（MPP2）和 n（聚磷酸）：n（季戊四醇）：n（三聚氰胺）=2:1:3 反应生成的季戊四醇多聚磷酸蜜胺盐（PMP6）。由于MPP2 和PMP6 的产物红外图谱基本一致，对MPP2 添加不同比例的氢氧化铝，发现氢氧化铝的含量越多，复合阻燃剂表征的性能越好，即残余质量越多。而对于 PMP6，则选择分别添加 20%的氢氧化铝、氧化镧和氧化铈通过机械混合，制成复合阻燃剂，对复合阻燃剂进行红外和热重表征，发现 PMP6 添加 20%的氧化铈表征性能最好。最后，将 MPP2、PMP6、MPP/Al(OH)3(1%)、MPP/Al(OH)3(5%)、MPP/Al(OH)3(10%)、MPP/Al(OH)3(20%)、PMP/Al(OH)3、PMP/ La2O3和PMP/ CeO2进行氧指数的测定。当阻燃剂添加得越多，PP 的成炭量越多，氧指数越高，阻燃性能越好。这些样品中，MPP2、PMP6、PMP/ La2O3和PMP/ CeO2添加10%在PP 中，氧指数比其他样品在PP 中高，阻燃性能也比其他阻燃剂更好。其中，复合阻燃剂中，添加氧化铈的阻燃效果最好。同时，也研究了复合阻燃剂对 PP 材料力学性能的影响，MPP/Al(OH)3(5%)和PMP/ La2O3阻燃剂提高了 PP 的力学性能，其他阻燃剂都降低了 PP 材料的力学性能。所以，可根据材料的不同需求，来选择合适的阻燃剂。 35964
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毕业论文关键词： 复合阻燃剂；季戊四醇双磷酸蜜胺盐；季戊四醇多聚磷酸蜜胺盐；阻燃性能；
The preparation, characterization and flame retardant performance study of an organic/inorganic composite flame retardant
Abstract：This paper mainly studies a kind of organic flame retardant agent, pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt and pentaerythritol melamine phosphate, compounded with several inorganic substances. Then this paper studies the characterization and flame retardant properties of the composite were prepared. Frist, reaction products made by varying the ratio of pentaerythritol, melamine and phosphoric acid (or poly phosphoric acid), were characterized. From these reactions, we choose pentaerythritol phosphate melamine salt (MPP2)reacted by n(phosphoric acid):n(pentaerythritol): n(melamine)=2:1:1 and pentaerythritol melamine phosphate (PMP6)reacted by n(poly phosphoric acid):n(pentaerythritol):n(melamine)=2:1:3 which the performance of characterization is better. As a result of infrared spectra of MPP2 and PMP6 are basically the same, the aluminum hydroxide MPP2 adding different proportions, found that the more content of aluminum hydroxide, the better performance of composite flame retardant characterization, i.e. more residual quality. As for PMP6, select were added 20% aluminum hydroxide, lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide by mechanical mixing. For composite flame retardant, infrared and thermal characterization of composite flame retardant, found that 20% cerium addition of PMP6 has the best performance characterization. Finally, the oxygen index of MPP2, PMP6,MPP/Al(OH)3(1%), MPP/Al(OH)3(5%), MPP/Al(OH)3(10%), MPP/Al(OH)3(20%), PMP/Al(OH)3, PMP/ La2O3 and PMP/ CeO2 was measured. When the more flame retardant agent is added, the amount of carbon in PP is higher, the oxygen index is higher, the flame retardant performance is better. In these samples, MPP2, PMP6, PMP/ La2O3 and PMP/ CeO2 were added 10% in PP, oxygen index was higher than other samples in PP and the flame retardant property was better than other flame retardants. Among them, the flame retardant effect of cerium oxide was the best in the composite flame retardants. At the same time, the effect of the composite flame retardant on the mechanical properties of PP was studied, and the mechanical properties of PP were improved by MPP/Al(OH)3(5%) flame retardant or PMP/ La2O3 flame retardant. The mechanical properties of PP were decreased. So, according to the different requirements of the material, we should choose suitable flame retardant.
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