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要：噻虫啉是新型氯代烟碱类杀虫剂。属于第二代新烟碱类杀虫剂，在国内外有着广泛的应用。具有较强的内吸，触杀和胃毒作用，与常规杀虫剂没有交互抗性，是防治刺吸式和咀嚼式口器害虫的高效药剂。本研究分别建立了土壤样品中噻虫啉残留的前处理方法和仪器分析方法。并采用所建立的样品前处理和分析方法，对噻虫啉在土壤样品中的生物降解性进行研究。本论文对噻虫啉在土壤中的降解，吸附进行了研究，获得结论如下：噻虫啉降解研究表明，该药品的半衰期较短（5.7 d），21d培养后的残留浓度为0.93 mg/kg dw。在江西红壤中48小时吸附噻虫啉量为0.78mg/g•L，48小时解吸量为122%；南京黄棕壤中48小时吸附噻虫啉量为0.8mg/g•L，48小时解吸量为81.6%；陕西灰漠土中48小时吸附噻虫啉量为0.9mg/g•L，48小时解吸量为94.5%
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关键词：噻虫啉；土壤；降解；吸附；解吸6551
Thiacloprid residues and degradation in the soil
Abstract：Thiacloprid，a new insecticide, belongs to a new class of insecticides known as neonicotinoids, has been widely used in China and other countries. It has a good stomach poison with a great contact activity. Without the cross-resistance to convwntional insecticides，thiacloprid is a efficient pharmacy to prevent the sucking and chewing mouthparts. A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique and Pretreatment method was developed for determining residue of thiacloprid insecticide in soil, and adopt the established sample pretreatment and analysis method to study the biological degradation of thiacloprid in soil samples. This text is researched about thiacloprid’s degradation and adsorbed in soils ,and got the conclusion s followed: The study about thiacloprid said this insecticide has a half-life period about 5.7days. After the 21day-grown ,the residual concentration is a concentration of 0.93mg/kg dw. Grow in the jiangxi red loam, thiacloprid is adsorbed 0.78mg/g•L after 48 hours, and desorbed 122% after another 48 hours.Grow in the nanjing yellow-brown , thiacloprid is adsorbed 0.8mg/g•L after 48 hours, and desorbed 81.6% after another 48 hours.Grow in the shanxi gray desert soil, thiacloprid is adsorbed 0.9mg/g•L after 48 hours, and desorbed 94.5% after another 48 hours.
Key words: thiacloprid,；soil；degradation；adsorbed；desorbed
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 引言 1
1.2 土壤内农药的残留降解 1
1.2.1土壤农药的化学降解 2
1.2.2土壤农药的光解 2
1.2.3土壤农药的水解 2
1.2.4土壤农药的微生物降解 2
1.2.5土壤农药的扩散 3
1.2.6农药在土壤上的吸附 3
1.3 农药残留检测前处理技术 3
1.3.1 固相萃取(Solid phaSe extraction，SPE) 3
1.3.2 固相微萃取技术(SPME) 4
1.3.3 超临界流体萃取(SFE) 4
1.3.4 加速溶剂萃取(ASE) 4
1.3.5 微波辅助萃取(MAE) 5
1.3.6 基质固相分散萃取(MSPD) 5
1.3.7 凝胶渗透色谱(GPC) 5
1.4 农药残留检测技术 5
1.4.1 气相色谱法(GC) 6
1.4.2 高效液相色谱法(HPLC) 6
1.5 噻虫啉简述 6
1.5.1 噻虫啉基本概况 9
1.5.2理化性质： 9
1.5.3作用特点及杀虫谱： 10
1.6 土壤内行为的影响 11
1.6.1 有机物在土壤中的吸附 11
1.6.2 土壤含水率 11
1.6.3 土壤有机质 12