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摘要：本次设计内容为“浓硝酸漂白塔设计”，属填料塔，物料为98%浓硝酸。塔设备是化工及石油化工生产中最重要的单元设备之一。通过塔设备完成的单元操作有精馏、吸收、解吸、萃取和洗涤。它广泛应用于化工、炼油、医药、食品及环境保护等工业部门。给定的设计参数为：操作压力-1000mm水柱、操作温度30-40℃、塔径为φ300mm、填料体积为0.16m3。通过工艺条件等因素，选择塔体的材料为Q345R。并对塔进行了强度和稳定性校核，计算了质量载荷，塔的自振周期、地震载荷与地震弯矩、风载荷与风弯矩；进行了圆筒轴向应力校核和裙座轴向应力校核。计算得出强度和稳定性满足要求。然后通过比较不同的元件，分别对吊柱、吊耳、塔盘、设备接管、法兰、平台及扶梯进行了设计选择。8514
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关键词：填料塔；漂白塔；压力容器；浓硝酸
Design of Concentrated Nitric Acid Bleaching Tower
Abstract: The design is "Design of concentrated nitric acid bleaching tower" . It is a packed tower, and the media of it is 98% concentrated nitric acid. Tower equipment is one of the most important operation unit in chemical industry and petroleum industry. Such as the operation of rectification, absorbing, extraction and washing can be completed by tower equipment. It is widely used in chemical, oil refining, pharmaceutical, food and environmental protection industries. Given design parameters: operating pressure of -1000mm water column， the operating temperature of 30-40℃, tower diameter is 300 mm, packing volume of 0.16m3.Based on process conditions, Q345R was chosen as column material. The strength of the tower and the stability check, calculate the mass loading, the tower natural period, seismic loads and seismic moment, the wind load and wind moment. To check the cylinder axial stress and axial stress check skirt. Obtained by calculating the strength and stability are in line with requirements. Then by comparing the different components, respectively, davit, lifting ears, skirt, equipment to take over, flanges, platform and escalators for the design choices.
KeyWords：packed tower; bleaching tower; pressure vessel; concentrated nitric acid
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题内容 1
1.1.1 课题介绍 1
1.1.2 课题分析 1
1.2 塔设备的结构设计 1
1.2.1 塔设备的主要结构尺寸的确定 1
1.2.2 附属结构及设备 1
1.2.3 塔设备内件 2
1.3 塔设备的强度和稳定性设计 3
2 塔设备内件及附件 4
2.1 喷淋装置 4
2.2 填料的类型与选择 4
2.3 填料的支承结构 5
2.4 支持圈 5
2.5 除沫装置 5
2.6 吊柱 5
2.7 保温圈 5
3 筒体、封头设计计算 6
3.1 圆筒的结构设计及计算 6
3.1.1 Pc计算压力的确定 6
3.1.2 筒体厚度计算 6
3.2 上、下封头的结构设计及计算 7
3.2.1 封头厚度计算 7
3.3 应力计算与校核 8
3.3.1 圆筒的应力计算 8
3.3.2 水压试验 8
4 质量载荷与自振周期计算 9
4.1 质量载荷计算 9
4.1.1 塔体和支座质量 9
4.1.2 塔内件质量 10
4.1.3 保温层质量 10
4.1.4 平台和梯子质量 10
4.1.5 操作状态下塔内物料质量 11