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设计说明 醋酸是重要的基础化工原料之一，主要用于生产醋酸乙烯单体、酸酐、聚乙烯醇、醋酸纤文素等，广泛应用于化工、医药、合成纤文、化工、纺织皮革、农药、炸药、橡胶、金属加工、食品以及精细有机合成等行业.它对国民经济的许多部门具有重要作用，是近几年世界上发展较快的有机化工产品之一。随着低压法甲醇羰基化制醋酸和酸酐工业化的发展，一种可以完全不依赖于石油，以醋酸和酸酐及其衍生物为原料的新一代煤化工路线日益受到人们的重视。本毕业论文是对甲醇低压羰基化合成醋酸进行工艺设计，根据考察及参考资料，对甲醇低压羰基化合成醋酸的工艺流程进行了全面设计。设计的范围包括：工艺流程设计、工艺计算、主要设备选型、车间布置设计，以及工艺流程图和各个设备图的绘制9142
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关键词： 甲醇；羰基化合；醋酸
Annual output of 150000 tons of low pressure methanol carbonyl synthesis of acetic acid process design
Abstract: Acetic acid is one of the important basic chemical raw materials, mainly for the production of vinyl acetate monomer,anhydride, polyvinly alcohol, acetic acid cellulose etc., are widely used in chemical industry, medicine, synthetic fiber, chemical, textile, leather, pesticide,
explosive, rubber, metal processing, food and fine organic synthesis industry. It plays an important role in many departments of national economy. And it is one of the rapid development of organic chemical products in the world in recent years. With the development of low pressure methanol carbonyl method acetic acid and anhydride industrial, a new generation of coal chemical industry which will completely not rely on oil, acetic acid and anhydride and its derivatives as the raw material is increasingly attracting the attention of people. This paper is carried out on the low pressure methanol carbonyl synthesis of acetic acid process design. According to the investigation, and resources, low carbonyl synthesis of acetic acid to methanol process has carried on the comprehensive design. The scope of the design include: process design, process, main equipment selection, shop layout design, and process flow diagram and the drawing of the graph of each device
Key Words ：methanol；carbonyl compounds；acetic acid
目 录
1 总论 1
1.1 概论 1
1.2 醋酸生产的历史沿革 1
1.3 醋酸的物理性质 2
1.4 醋酸的化学性质 2
1.4.1 酸性 2
1.4.2 二聚现象 3
1.4.3 溶剂 3
1.4.4 化学反应 3
1.4.5 鉴别 3
2 醋酸生产在国内(外)研究现状及分析 4
2.1 国外醋酸生产现状及市场分析 4
2.2我国醋酸生产现状及市场分析 4
2.3 生产方案比较 6
2.3.1 乙醛氧化法 6
2.3.2 乙烯直接氧化工艺 7
2.3.3 乙烷直接氧化工艺 7
2.3.4 甲醇羰基化法 7
2.3.4.1 BASF高压工艺 7
2.3.4.2 孟山都(Monsanto)/BP工艺 7
2.3.4.3 Celanese低水含量工艺 8
2.3.4.4 BP化学的CATIVA工艺 8
2.3.4.5 UOP/Chiyoda Acetica工艺 8
2.4 生产方案的确定 8
2.5 生产工艺流程图简述 9
3 工艺方案 10
3.1全车间物料衡算 10
3.1.1设计基础 10
3.1.2全车间的物料衡算 10
3.1.3 物料衡算表 12
3.2热量衡算 13